The article considers the influence of surfactants on the physicochemical and technological properties of repair and restoration solutions, mixtures and compositions and the areas of their application. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of interaction of surfactants with solid and liquid phases in repair composites, including the processes of hydrophobization and hydrophilization of surfaces, adsorption, peptization and change in the contact angle. The influence of surfactants on the value of water demand, strength, water resistance and frost resistance of binders, mixtures and compositions is described. The parameters determining the efficiency of surfactant application, as well as quantitative estimates of the surface of dispersed components and their effect on the consumption of additives are given.
Keywords: surfactants, repair and restoration solutions, hydrophobization, hydrophilization, wetting, adsorption, rheology, water demand, additives
One of the important parameters of shaping historical and cultural monuments of the tower type are the dimensions in plan, the thickness of the external walls varying with height, and the angles of inclination of the external and internal sides of the external walls. The article defines the average values of the angles of inclination of the external and internal sides of the walls of tower structures from the vertical using visual and instrumental methods using optical devices, plumb lines, and goniometers. A system of equations is compiled that determines the patterns of shaping cultural heritage monuments of the tower type. An example of calculating the geometric parameters of the designed tower based on the compiled dependencies is considered. The parameters of shaping tower structures must be taken into account when developing design documentation for repair and restoration work, as well as when drawing up process maps for the construction of destroyed or physically worn out wall structures.
Keywords: historical and cultural monuments, cultural heritage sites, shaping, repair, restoration, restoration, tilt angles, geometric parameters