This article deals with the use glass in modern rchitecture, with an emphasis on innovative approaches and technologies applied famous architects of the 20th and 21st centuries. The article analyses key projects demonstrating unique properties of glass as a material, conducive to the creation of dynamic, functional and visually expressive architectural forms. Special attention is paid to environmental aspects of glass and its impact on sustainability of architectural objects.

Keywords: "glass, architecture, energy efficiency, lighting, material, application, approach, shape, design, facade"

The article discusses aspects of the implementation of the architecture of cultural and educational centres in industrial cities. This article reveals historical context of the formation of cultural and educational institutions in the structure of industrial cities. Some of the objects in cities of the Donbass region are given as examples, including the context of architectural revitalization. The term "rehabilitation" is analyzed in relation to architectural and urban planning activities. The factors that determine the need for social rehabilitation in industrial cities are given in this article, including those applicable to the cities of the Donbass region. The aspects of social rehabilitation are formulated in this paper, which make it possible to apply this concept to industrial territories. Some socio-economic aspects, that reveal the meaning of architectural reinterpretation of objects of industrial and post-industrial territories, are given in this paper. Special attention is paid to the potential of cultural and educational centers as a tool for integrating former industrial territories into modern urban space.

Keywords: architectural heritage, industrial city, culture, cultural and educational institution, social environment, leisure, rehabilitation, modernization, architectural transformation, sustainable urban development, regional specifics

This article examines a method for visually interpreting a scientific hypothesis for its subsequent embodiment in an architectural structure. Using the mathematical model of the Morris-Thorne Wormhole—a tunnel that allows travel through time and space, which underlies the concept of a cable-stayed bridge—as an example, it explores methods and techniques for forming associative links between architectural form and modern scientific ideas in astrophysics. In addition to creating an artistic image of a scientific phenomenon, the architectural structure is developed from a functional and structural perspective, as a comprehensive design solution. Furthermore, its placement in a real-life environment highlights the potential for a cable-stayed bridge to integrate with the surrounding natural environment. An important factor in the architectural concept is the emotional and psychological impact of the designed structure on people, which must fully express the scientific hypothesis.

Keywords: architecture, design, cable-stayed structures, architectural model, tectonics, image, concept, material, scientific hypothesis, wormhole

This article explores the phenomenon of Yuri Gagarin as a cultural symbol embodied in monumental art across various countries. Using interdisciplinary analysis, it traces the evolution of his image—from a historical figure to a universal cultural archetype. It reveals the mechanisms of the sacralization and mythologization of the first cosmonaut, as well as the transformation of his biographical narrative into a symbolic construct imbued with ideological and existential meanings.
Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis of key monuments to Gagarin as bearers of collective memory. Their artistic features, semiotic codes, and regional differences in representation from the Soviet period to the present are examined. Using specific cities as examples, it demonstrates how monumental images and "Gagarin toponymy" contribute to the formation of national and global identity.
This work contributes to discussions on the construction of cultural heroes, the role of art in historical politics, and the visual representation of scientific and technological progress.

Keywords: Yuri Gagarin, monuments, space age, cultural symbol, collective memory, mythologization, monumental art, historical heritage, cultural diplomacy, Soviet cosmonautics

The article examines the understanding of artificial intelligence (AI), the main key areas of its use in architectural design: technological support of projects (2D and 3D design, creation of databases of professional architect libraries) and virtualization of the design process (3D modeling, visualization, virtual reality, the use of AI for creative search and conceptual design, modeling of facades, volumes), as well as pre-project analysis, development of intelligent building systems, optimization of construction processes, etc. Particular attention is paid to the creative process of searching for an architectural form in the dialogue "architect-computer - artificial intelligence".

Keywords: Architectural design, artificial intelligence, neural networks, architecture, spatial modeling, virtual reality, information technology

In the context of the increasing complexity of multi-storey construction and the need to ensure its safety, reliability and economic efficiency, the issue of improving construction control is of critical importance. This article explores the current problems of traditional methods of construction control (subjectivity, reactive nature, risks of non-compliance with comfort and engineering) and suggests comprehensive ways to overcome them through the integration of modern digital technologies.
The main focus is on a proactive customer control model based on the integration of information modeling technology, three-dimensional scanning (3D scanning) and artificial Intelligence technologies, which ensures continuous verification of compliance with the "as built" design solution.

Keywords: construction control, innovation, verification, information model, technology, digitalization, three-dimensional scanning, energy efficiency

The article is devoted to the analysis of the typological features of Orthodox churches. This topic is related to the spread of Orthodoxy throughout the world, which prompted the authors to analyze and systematize some of the features of decorative and artistic techniques of temple construction, as well as the canons of Orthodoxy in time, originating from Byzantine architecture.

Keywords: orthodox architecture, temple architecture, typological analysis, semantics of temples, Byzantine style, cross‑domed structure, tent temples, Russian patterned, Naryshkin style, architectural styles, sacred meaning, three-part division, domed completion

The ongoing and planned comprehensive modernization of the bus station network within a city or region confirms the relevance of this study. Using examples of advanced domestic practices, the specifics of creating and developing transport hubs based on old and new bus stations are examined, criticism from direct users of the environment is analyzed, and domestic approaches are compared with international trends. Two main approaches to the reconstruction or construction of bus stations and the creation of transport hubs at them are identified: municipal facilities with a predominantly transport function, and investment facilities with a predominantly retail and entertainment function. A planar (horizontally developed spatial) organization of transport hubs is established as superior to a compact volume and/or the "dry feet" transfer principle.

Keywords: transport structure architecture, passenger facilities, reconstruction, bus stations, bus terminals,transport interchange complexe, transport hub, multifunctional complex

The article is devoted to researching the transformation of approaches to designing medical facilities for children. The work justifies the transition from traditional functional and hygienic models to a complex paradigm of «health architecture», where space becomes an active participant in the therapeutic process. Based on an analysis of the historical development of approaches to design up to modern concepts of biogenic design - the key principles of formation of an ozone-producing environment have been identified. Special attention is given to the scientific substantiation of therapeutic impact of architectural decisions, confirmed by research in the field of proof design. The result of the study is a set of principles for forming an architectural environment, aimed at creating conditions for physical and psycho-emotional recovery of children. 

Keywords: architecture, health architecture, children’s medical institution, sustainable architecture, biogenic design, therapeutic environment, ecological approach, space psychology, zoning, navigation

This article examines the preservation of Kirovsk's historic character in the context of its contemporary development. The factors that influenced the development of cities on the Kola Peninsula in the first half of the 20th century are considered. It provides a brief chronicle of the emergence and development of Kirovsk as one of the key industrial centers of the Murmansk Region. The historical path of formation of urban development in the 1930s - 1950s is analyzed, and its specific features are identified. The current state and protection of Kirovsk's architectural heritage are highlighted, identifying threats to the loss of historic buildings caused by natural physical deterioration and processes leading to the loss of their original appearance. Proposals are presented for the preservation of significant elements of the planning, development and individual buildings that have historical and artistic value.

Keywords: architectural and urban development, architectural and planning structure, constructivism, stalinist neoclassicism, object of cultural heritage, adaptation, conservation, historical appearance of the building

The article explores the experience of adaptive reuse and the redevelopment of the former Vena Plant, located within the “Gray Belt” of St. Petersburg. Using this case study, it analyzes the fundamental principles of industrial site refunctionalization, as well as the strategies employed to preserve architectural heritage while integrating it into a contemporary urban context.

Keywords: adaptive reuse, urban greening, high-quality residential environment, Gray Belt, spirit of place (genius loci), industrial facilities, Vena Plant, residential complex, cultural heritage

This article explores the mutual influence between the phenomenon of pilgrimage and the architecture of sacred structures on the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela, a route that gained paramount importance for European Christians after the Holy Land sites became inaccessible in the Middle Ages. The primary objective is to analyze how the architectural design of churches actively shaped the psychological and spiritual experience of pilgrims. The study employs Richard Sennett's concept of "Mind-Sight" (Умо-Зрение) as its theoretical framework, which posits that spatial perception is formed through movement, tactile sensations, and interaction with the environment, rather than through visual contemplation alone. The research is grounded in the examination of specific case studies along the route, including the churches of Le Puy-en-Velay, Rocamadour, Cahors, Burgos, Oviedo, and the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The authors demonstrate that these churches functioned as multi-level shelters—providing physical protection, ecclesiastical sanctuary, and divine refuge—which directly determined their architectural appearance. Through massive walls, stone vaults, elevated locations, or integration into caves, the architecture evoked feelings of security, reverence, and humility. The study concludes that these structures were not passive backdrops but active participants in the pilgrim's journey, transforming the pilgrimage into a continuous architectural and psychological experience that prepared the traveler for the final encounter with the sacred.

Keywords: the Way of St. James, pilgrimage churches, medieval architecture, Gothic architecture, Romanesque architecture

The article describes the method of architectural design of the ethnographic center, taking into account the historical background of the design of the dwelling of Kabardians (Adygs) and modern construction requirements. The pre-project study is based on the analysis of materials from early studies of the Kabardian dwelling, on the basis of which a round closed shape is proposed, which is present not only in descriptions of the architecture of the dwelling, but also in the dance "Uj". The rhythm of this dance can be used in the image of a building as a way to enhance architectural and artistic expression. This method takes into account the preservation and popularization of the cultural heritage of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in order to further increase the tourist attractiveness of the region.

Keywords: Adyghe, Kabardian and Circassian dwelling, tourist cluster, national architecture, ethnocultural tourism, Kabardian dance "Uj"

The paper presents the results of the study of the condition of wooden structures of the attic floor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy of the Russian Orthodox Church. The main defects and damages of the rafter system elements are indicated. Conclusions are given on the physical and mechanical characteristics of a beam over 200 years old. Conclusions are made on measures to maintain the operability of the structures.

Keywords: load-bearing capacity of wooden structures, biodestructors, strength reduction, rafter system

The relevance of the research is driven by the critical state of a significant portion of the historical building stock in Russia, where interfloor slabs are the most vulnerable elements. The problem lies in the need to replace them with structures that meet modern standards for load-bearing capacity and fire safety, without increasing the load on the weakened foundations and walls.

Keywords: reconstruction, cultural heritage site, monolithic floor slab, void former, lightweight structure, load-bearing capacity, work procedure statement

The article explores the phenomenon of architectural palimpsest as a set of autonomous architectural solutions that have existed or have existed for a long time in one territory. Using the example of 5 territories of Yekaterinburg, the process of superimposing various architectural solutions and building life cycles is analyzed. The research methodology is based on the concept of a palimpsest as a multi-layered structure, where each historical layer retains its significance despite the appearance of new objects. The authors consider the palimpsest not only as an overlay of architectural solutions in an existing building, but also as a change of objects in a certain area. The practical part of the study includes an analysis of specific examples of Yekaterinburg: the TV tower, the Temp cinema, the Philharmonic Hall apartment building, the Ural Regional Industrial and Economic College and the Yarutin House. 

Keywords: palimpsest, overlay, demolition, liquidation, layers, history, urban research, memory, architecture, memorials, urban transformation, historical sites, architectural heritage

Mixed reality is penetrating deeper and faster into all aspects of our modern life. The influence of new technologies has not spared modern architecture, which aims to create not only beautiful, but also functional spaces and thus combines art and science. In addition to exploring examples of successful collaborations of artistic concepts and scientific principles in the design of spaces, the article will also consider the introduction of mixed reality into architectural projects. Let's explore exactly how the fields of art and science interact with each other. These two areas complement each other, creating a harmonious and practical environment for living, working and relaxing. This article examines the collaboration of art and science in the context of mixed reality architectural solutions.

Keywords: architecture, art, science, collaboration, mixed reality, platform, Art&Science, interaction, benefits, digital objects, visual component, joint projects

The autonomy of architecture is presented in the article as an option for a new disclosure of the possibilities of an architectural project, endowing global mega-projects with a unique quality of self-sufficiency, which is especially important in the context of renovation, reconstruction of lost buildings or the need for rapid changes. Analyzing innovative strategies for integrating energy generation, water supply, waste management, and food production systems directly into the architectural structure of the complexes, the article examines in detail the design principles that ensure flexibility, adaptability, and social orientation of autonomous multifunctional complexes. The aim of the work is to substantiate the need to move to a new standard for urban development design, where autonomy is considered not as an additional option, but as a key factor in ensuring sustainable development and improving the quality of life. Examples of architectural solutions are presented that demonstrate the potential of autonomous architecture in creating self-sufficient and environmentally friendly complexes that can reduce the burden on infrastructure and increase the resilience of cities to external influences.

Keywords: autonomy, architecture, multifunctional complex, architectural design, sustainable development

In the modern world, mixed reality technologies are increasingly being used and implemented. The allow you to create virtual objects in a real environment and provide human interaction with them, using different devices, basic element of enteractive interaction and artificial intelligence. The term «mixed reality», which appeared in the 20th century, had a significant impact on architecture, graphic design and art. This study examines an innovative approach to interacting with architectural objects through technologies of mixed reality of artificial intelligence. Also revealed the essence of interactive interaction with mixed reality, the way of identifying methods and forms. Studying modern methods will improve the educational process and increase the level of accessibility of knowledge about architectural objects, contributing to the preservation and dissemination of knowledge about cultural heritage.

Keywords: mixed reality, architecture, art, artificial intelligence, interactive technology, interactive interaction, educational experience, knowledge, modern methods

The article examines the architectural and planning features of the settlements of the Thai people in the North of Vietnam. It analyzes the origin of the ethnic group, identifies the area and landscape morphotypes of settlement, and examines the diversity of planning structures within the morphotypes. The article determines that the architectural type of the settlements is a house on stilts. Specific examples are provided. The article also notes the changes in living conditions in traditional Thai settlements due to urbanization. The goal is to develop measures at the state level to preserve the region's architectural identity.

Keywords: architectural and planning structure, traditional settlement, ethnic group, landscape morphotype, stilt house, northern Vietnam

The article examines the unique environment of the historical district of Parusinka in Ivangorod, which has been formed over more than two hundred years. The typology of the architectural and spatial environment has been determined based on a comprehensive analysis; each type of environment has its own unique potential and specific problems. The study highlights the need for an individual and fragmented approach to the revitalization of each territorial unit in order to preserve the "spirit of the place" and comprehensively optimize the district of the border city.

Keywords: Ivangorod, Narva Manufactory, historical environment, architectural and spatial environment, urban environment optimization, reconstruction, place identity

The article examines architectural approaches to the design of temporary museums and exhibition pavilions. Particular attention is paid to the concept of modularity as a tool for spatial adaptation and rapid installation, as well as mobility as a strategy for expanding cultural presence beyond stationary institutions. Historical and contemporary examples are analyzed, including so-called pop-up museums, container galleries, and disassemblable exhibition modules. The role of innovative materials, digital design, and transport logistics in the formation of a flexible architectural environment is emphasized.
The article reveals the potential of temporary exhibition structures as a tool for social inclusion, urban renewal and cultural decentralization. Special attention is paid to Russian and international experience. The modular museum is presented as a type of architecture sensitive to time, place and cultural context.

Keywords: museum, exhibition complex, architecture, modularity, mobility, flexibility, adaptability, design, construction

The article discusses the revitalization of industrial facilities of the elevator type, the current experience of restoration, renovation, reconstruction, and adaptation of such facilities to the modern needs of the urban environment. The article focuses on developing a theoretical model for the revitalization of former industrial facilities using the example of the Nevskaya Mlina flour mill in St. Petersburg. The article analyzes the architectural and spatial features, the potential for urban planning integration, and the functional reorientation of the facility. The principles of functional flexibility, architectural continuity, preservation of place memory, adaptive design, and sustainable urban integration became the basis for developing a theoretical model of revitalization for the Nevskaya Melnits flour mill. The practical result of solving the problem of transforming the flour mill in St. Petersburg is the versatility of its approach and the possibility of applying the proposed method to develop adaptation programs for other similar industrial facilities of the elevator type. 

Keywords: revitalization of industrial areas, renovation of flour mills, adaptation of industrial facilities, reconstruction of silos, elevator with silos towers

The article is dedicated to analyzing the changes in museum design in the context of the rapid integration of digital technologies. It examines the ways of integrating multimedia systems, virtual and augmented reality into the architectural structure of museum spaces. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign examples, new approaches to exhibition formation are identified, built on principles of flexibility, interactivity, and immersiveness. The emphasis is placed on the changes in typological models of museums: from traditionally hierarchical to adaptive, transformable formats. Special attention is given to the evolving role of the architect, acting as a mediator between digital scenarios and spatial expression. As a result, the museum of the future is envisioned as a complex spatial-technological ecosystem, in which architecture becomes an active participant in communication with visitors through digital content and technological interfaces.  

Keywords: typology, digitalization, museum, immersiveness, architecture, multimedia, museum of the future, design, digital exhibition, exhibition space

The article examines the problem of architectural and spatial formation of the living environment of multi-storey residential quarters based on their coloristic solution. The analysis of the coloristic organization of the living environment space in specific housing complexes of St. Petersburg is carried out. The features of coloristic solutions of facades in the formation of a large-scale architectural space are revealed using examples of the architecture of St. Petersburg. Negative and positive examples of the use of color graphics of residential buildings in accordance with the psychological perception of scale are given.

Keywords: scale of living environment, coloristics, supergraphics, architectural space, scale of facade, psychophysiological perception of color