The article is devoted to the scientific and methodological foundations of the development of compositions of composite materials specifically designed to significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties of substrates and road coverings of highways, various products and structures. The fundamental principles underlying the creation of an optimal structure of composite materials are described in detail, which contributes to a significant increase in strength, reliability and longer service life of structures. In addition, an analysis of modern methods for optimizing the composition of composites is given, special attention is paid to the importance of taking into account the specifics of interphase interactions between components and the distribution of filler particles inside the matrix. Practical approaches are described and examples of successful application of the principles and the potential of the solutions obtained are given. The key role of mathematical modeling and experiments, which are an integral part of effective formulation selection and optimization of composite properties, is highlighted separately. The main provisions of all the methods under consideration are the competent selection of high-quality starting materials, the correct determination of the optimal granulometric composition of the mineral components of mixtures, the accurate calculation of the required amount of binders, as well as strict control over the compliance of the designed characteristics with the planned indicators, which guarantees the receipt of high-quality and reliable substrates and coatings for highways, products and structures.

Keywords: building composites, composition, design, development, technology, modeling, property management, optimization, road clothing

The problem of the ultimate external pressure on a thick-walled concrete pipe internally reinforced with a metal pipe is considered. The pipe material is assumed to be ductile, not hardening under small deformations. The problem is solved under the assumption of plane strain. The stress state in the concrete mass and along the contact surface between the metal pipe and the concrete is investigated, assuming the concrete is in the ultimate limit state. A law for the change in the stress state in the concrete mass and a transcendental equation for determining the ultimate pressure on the outer surface of the concrete shell are derived. The ultimate uniformly distributed load acting on the outer surface of the concrete shell, within which the metal pipe is placed, is determined.

Keywords: concrete deformability, strength criterion, ultimate limit state, stress state in the concrete mass, ultimate pressure

The article examines the effect of fine dust on the health of those involved in the gym. The factors characterizing dust are investigated depending on the ranges of breathing height of the participants. A series of measurements is carried out in the gym and further examination using a microscope and a personal computer. The results of the dispersed composition of dust are obtained. The dependence of the diameter of the dust particles on the height has been revealed.

Keywords: fine dust, working area, dispersed composition, aerodynamic characteristics, particle diameter, sports hall

The development of remote and hard-to-reach territories of Russia requires effective construction solutions that combine high performance, environmental friendliness, and full factory readiness. This article presents the results of a study on modified arbolite designed for use in the production of volumetric spatial modules. To improve the physico-mechanical properties of the conventional composition, a comprehensive chemical modification of the wood aggregate was applied, including preliminary treatment with aluminum silicate (Al₂SiO₅) followed by the introduction of ethanedioic acid into the mixture. It has been experimentally established that the proposed modification leads to a statistically significant reduction in the average density of the material by 11%, while simultaneously increasing the compressive strength by 47% compared to control samples. The physico-chemical strengthening mechanism, consisting in the formation of an organo-mineral framework within the wood structure, is substantiated. The results demonstrate the high potential of the developed material for use as a structural and insulating component in modular construction for regions with extreme climatic conditions.

Keywords: modified arbolite, modular construction, aluminosilicate, ethanedioic acid, compressive strength, and density

The article is devoted to the analysis of the typological features of Orthodox churches. This topic is related to the spread of Orthodoxy throughout the world, which prompted the authors to analyze and systematize some of the features of decorative and artistic techniques of temple construction, as well as the canons of Orthodoxy in time, originating from Byzantine architecture.

Keywords: orthodox architecture, temple architecture, typological analysis, semantics of temples, Byzantine style, cross‑domed structure, tent temples, Russian patterned, Naryshkin style, architectural styles, sacred meaning, three-part division, domed completion

One of the ways to reduce the construction time of nuclear power plants is to use prefabricated monolithic construction technology with the use of prefabricated formwork blocks consisting of a reinforcement frame and sheets of non-removable formwork made of high-strength steel fiber concrete. After installation in the design position, the prefabricated elements are filled with self-compacting concrete mixture, significantly reducing labor costs on the construction site. Self-compacting concrete mixtures are characterized by high mobility and a significant content of cement paste, which increases the requirements for ensuring the tightness of the formwork system. The article describes the results of experimental studies on the parameters of filling the technological gaps between the sheets of non-removable formwork with self-compacting concrete mixture at different heights of its placement. The article also provides a description of a laboratory setup that allows for the simulation of the pressure of freshly placed concrete.

Keywords: nuclear power plant, permanent formwork, structural testing, steel fiber reinforced concrete, self-compacting concrete mix, formwork pressure

The ongoing and planned comprehensive modernization of the bus station network within a city or region confirms the relevance of this study. Using examples of advanced domestic practices, the specifics of creating and developing transport hubs based on old and new bus stations are examined, criticism from direct users of the environment is analyzed, and domestic approaches are compared with international trends. Two main approaches to the reconstruction or construction of bus stations and the creation of transport hubs at them are identified: municipal facilities with a predominantly transport function, and investment facilities with a predominantly retail and entertainment function. A planar (horizontally developed spatial) organization of transport hubs is established as superior to a compact volume and/or the "dry feet" transfer principle.

Keywords: transport structure architecture, passenger facilities, reconstruction, bus stations, bus terminals,transport interchange complexe, transport hub, multifunctional complex

In the practice of constructing underground hydraulic structures, conditions often arise that require careful attention to gas forecasting. Such forecasting can be based on an analysis of the geological and tectonic structure of the area, a study of the mineral composition, degree of lithogenesis, rock chemistry, temperature and gas composition, groundwater sources, etc. The problem of ensuring the reliability of underground structures is complicated by the high seismicity of the areas in question, significant natural stresses, often comparable to the strength of the rock, and the presence of faults along tunnel routes.

Keywords: water inflow, geology, landslides, tunnels, orogenic regions, tectonic processes, relief, exogenous processes, clay, loam, limestone

The article is devoted to researching the transformation of approaches to designing medical facilities for children. The work justifies the transition from traditional functional and hygienic models to a complex paradigm of «health architecture», where space becomes an active participant in the therapeutic process. Based on an analysis of the historical development of approaches to design up to modern concepts of biogenic design - the key principles of formation of an ozone-producing environment have been identified. Special attention is given to the scientific substantiation of therapeutic impact of architectural decisions, confirmed by research in the field of proof design. The result of the study is a set of principles for forming an architectural environment, aimed at creating conditions for physical and psycho-emotional recovery of children. 

Keywords: architecture, health architecture, children’s medical institution, sustainable architecture, biogenic design, therapeutic environment, ecological approach, space psychology, zoning, navigation

This article presents the results of a study of the particle size distribution (PSD) in aqueous suspensions of eight natural and artificial minerals, including gypsum, limestone, marl, shale, anhydrite, dolomite, bentonite, and cement. The analysis was conducted using sedimentation in a particle size range from submicron to hundreds of micrometers, revealing significant differences in distribution depending on the mineralogical composition. A study of the particle size distribution revealed that samples with narrower distributions, such as anhydrite and bentonite, exhibit high stability and predictable kinetic characteristics, while the polymodal distributions of marl and cement suggest their suitability for use as fillers. The obtained data allow us to predict their influence on the properties of binders, including hydration rate, packing density, pozzolanic activity, and tendency to aggregation. The results may be useful for optimizing technological processes in the development of repair and restoration compounds and binders.

Keywords: particle distribution, size, suspension, binders, sedimentation, colloidal stability, repair and restoration compounds, median, distribution width

This article examines the environmental, economic, and technological aspects of using rice husk ash (RHA) in the construction industry. It is shown that the use of this waste from the rice processing industry helps reduce the carbon footprint and improve the quality of cement paste. The results of an experimental study of the effect of RHA on the physical and mechanical properties of cement paste are presented. Patterns of change in setting time, water requirement, strength, and hardening kinetics are established when replacing part of the Portland cement with RHA in quantities of 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the cement mass. It is shown that the optimal content of the additive is 15%, which improves the strength properties of cement paste at the age of 28 days by 10% compared to conventional cement.

Keywords: rice husk ash, Portland cement, cement paste, setting time, water requirement, strength, hardening kinetics, pozzolanic activity

To enhance the performance characteristics of asphalt concrete mixtures in high-temperature conditions typical of hot climates, researchers actively employ various stabilizing additives aimed at increasing the durability of road pavements. One traditional solution is the use of the Sтилобит modifier, which improves the resistance of asphalt concrete to deformations, rutting, and cracking caused by intense traffic loads and climatic factors. However, Sтилобит has several drawbacks, including insufficient binder stability at high temperatures and a limited ability to ensure optimal material density, which can reduce the overall effectiveness of the pavement. These limitations drive the search for more modern and efficient alternatives that can balance quality and cost-effectiveness. Within the scope of this study, a new stabilizing modifier, PROPolymer MA-CK, was evaluated as a promising alternative to Sтилобит. For comparative analysis, two asphalt concrete mixtures were prepared: one with the addition of Sтилобит and the other with PROPolymer MA-CK. Laboratory tests demonstrated that the mixture with PROPolymer MA-CK exhibits improved performance characteristics, including enhanced resistance to rutting, better binder stability, and higher material density, which contributes to reducing the risk of deformations. Thus, PROPolymer MA-CK can be considered a more effective alternative to Sтилобит, providing not only increased reliability and durability of road pavements but also potential cost reductions in the construction and maintenance of roads.

Keywords: Polymer MA-CK, crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete mixtures, rut, rut formation, performance characteristics, Stylobite, modifiers

A study was conducted to examine the influence of anode material on heat dissipation efficiency in a plasma torch cooling system. Computer modeling was used to calculate thermal and hydrodynamic processes for anodes made of M1 copper, L63 brass, and BrO8Ts4 bronze. Copper achieved the highest heat dissipation efficiency due to its high thermal conductivity, as confirmed by a full-scale experiment. The results demonstrate that the choice of anode material is a key factor in improving the reliability and service life of a plasma torch.

Keywords: plasma torch, anode unit, copper, brass, bronze, heat sink, thermal conductivity, computer modeling, finite element method, cooling efficiency, thermal conditions

The article is devoted to the problem of verification of distributed algorithms using formal methods. The classical leader selection algorithm in ring topology, the ring algorithm, is chosen as the object of research. For its analysis, the specification language of the Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA+) is used. The paper presents a detailed formal model of the algorithm, describing its states and transitions, taking into account the features of distributed systems, such as the lack of shared memory. The key properties of correctness are formulated and proved: the uniqueness of the leader (the property of security), the finality of elections (the property of liveliness) and consent. The correctness of the specification was confirmed using the model model verifier of the language of temporal logic of actions, which exhaustively checked all achievable states for the model with three processes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Time Logic Specification language (TLA+) for providing a high degree of confidence in the reliability of distributed systems.

Keywords: formal verification, distributed systems, ring algorithm, leader selection, specification language for temporal logic of actions, model verification, security properties, vivacity properties.formal verification, distributed systems, ring algorithm

This study presents a method for preprocessing data sequences aimed at identifying and grouping different data files for subsequent use in training neural networks. An algorithm for file comparison based on the relative deviation of feature values ​​is proposed, taking into account boundary cases (zero and near-zero values). The implementation includes parallel processing to improve performance and the generation of detailed reports. The method is tested on a dataset containing 10,000 files with parameters of a chemical process in a laboratory reactor. The results demonstrate the method's effectiveness in identifying stationary regions and generating balanced training sets.

Keywords: вata preprocessing, relative deviation, machine learning, parallel computing, file grouping, computational fluid dynamics, chemical reactor

A vectorial diffraction model is presented for the focusing of a Gaussian laser beam with a wavelength of 800 nm by a parabolic metallic mirror with a diameter of 15 mm and a focal length of 150 mm. The model is based on a rigorous calculation of the reflected electromagnetic field using s- and p-polarization basis functions, complex Fresnel coefficients, and the Kirchhoff–Rayleigh surface integral. The reflective coating is characterized by a complex refractive index n = 0.145 + 4.5i, corresponding to silver in the near-infrared spectral range. The incident beam has a waist radius of 3 mm at the mirror’s vertex plane. The field distribution in the focal plane is numerically computed on a 300×300 grid over a ±30 μm region. Focus quality is evaluated using three criteria: total intensity, radial intensity distribution, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the focal spot. A focal spot with FWHM ≈ 8.56 μm is obtained, in close agreement with the theoretical diffraction-limited estimate. The results demonstrate that accounting for the vectorial nature of the field and the dissipative properties of the metal enables accurate prediction of polarization distortions and energy losses in practical mirror-based focusing systems.

Keywords: vectorial diffraction model, parabolic metallic mirror, Gaussian laser beam, Fresnel coefficients, complex refractive index

Modern telemedicine is developing unevenly across the globe, and there are objective reasons for this. This article analyzes modern information and computing systems and technologies used for diagnosing and treating patients. This article provides a brief history of telemedicine as a technical means of providing medical care and provides examples of the use of information technology in Russian and global medical practice. Key approaches to the use of large-scale language models as a technological core to assist healthcare professionals in making professional decisions are explored. Examples of optimization of diagnostic and treatment processes using digital technologies are analyzed. The author attempts to analyze the latest scientific achievements in the use of information technologies in medicine, with the aim of demonstrating the transition to a new level of quality of medical services through the use of information and computing systems.

Keywords: telemedicine, digital technologies, large language models, medical diagnostics, medical practice, technology analysis, history of telemedicine, comparative analysis, digital transformation, systems analysis

The article describes the development of an application software designed for the automated creation of ornamental compositional patterns based on user-uploaded motifs. The study discusses algorithms for ornament generation using five grid types: square, rectangular (horizontal and vertical), ribbon, and radial. The main principles of user interaction with the program are outlined, including image uploading, parameter adjustment, visualization, and result saving. The software was implemented in Python using the Pillow and Tkinter libraries, which provide tools for image processing and graphical interface design. The presented results demonstrate the efficiency of an automated approach to ornament construction, significantly accelerating the design process and making it accessible to a wide range of users. The developed program supports iterative experimentation and visual modification of motifs in real time, enabling users to generate unique decorative compositions in the style of traditional folk crafts. The application can be used in educational, creative, and research contexts, promoting algorithmic thinking through visual experimentation. The project contributes to the digital preservation and reinterpretation of national artistic heritage, combining the traditions of folk ornamentation with modern technological methods.

Keywords: digital tools, ornament, generation, application software, graphical interface, Python, generation algorithms, cultural heritage, digital art, automation, folk arts and crafts

A protective coating based on carboxymethylcellulose and zinc powder has been developed. It was established that the incorporation of zinc and the plasticizer glycerol into the polymer matrix leads to an increase in adhesion and mechanical strength of the coatings—from 5.1 MPa to 15.5 MPa and from grade 4 to grade 0, respectively. The morphology of the coating was examined using optical microscopy. It was shown that zinc particles are relatively uniformly distributed within the polymer matrix, and their aggregation decreases upon glycerol addition. Digital images of the coatings were used to quantitatively evaluate the fraction of zinc particles located at the coating–substrate interface. Due to particle sedimentation, the particle fraction at the interface exceeds that on the surface by 10–20%, which improves the coating’s adhesion to the substrate. The coating was found to be resistant to acidic and alkaline media, organic solvents, and alcohols.

Keywords: carboxymethylcellulose, zinc powder, coating, mechanical strength, adhesion, chemical resistance

The study examined two broad areas—ecology and socioeconomics— including the assessment and management of environmental and social risks, determining resource efficiency and pollution prevention, and analyzing factors for sustainable natural resource management. The authors conducted a study of activities that had a negative impact on the environment and local population during project implementation. These activities were examined across the three main phases of project implementation: construction, operation, and liquidation. The results were used to determine factors and categories of impact on the economy and employment, the safety and well-being of the local population, social tensions, land ownership and land use.

Keywords: pollution prevention, environmental risks, project implementation phases, environmental protection, emergency response plan, negative impact factors, social tension, environmental factor monitoring, physical stability criteria

Due to the active development of the Northern and Arctic regions, modern damping materials for transport and construction infrastructure are subject to increased demands in terms of performance at low ambient temperatures. Theoretically, it has been shown that the restriction of segmental mobility and cold crystallization of polymers lead to an increase in stiffness and a decrease in damping and sealing functions. Formulations evolve through a controlled combination of base polymers, the introduction of "smart" fillers, technologically active additives, and the hybridization of elastomeric matrices. The evaluation of the low-temperature performance of elastomers is carried out based on the results of regulatory operational tests that simulate the maximum operating conditions of the product, and thermoanalytical / viscoelastic methods that reveal the physical nature of the transition to vitrification. However, these methods often lead to disparate results, are quite complex and require special high-precision equipment. In this regard, a method is proposed for rapid assessment of the low-temperature performance of elastomers based on the temperature dependence of Shore A hardness with the allocation of the T*hard criterion (fracture HRA(T)), which correlates with the glass transition temperature Tg, the brittleness temperature and the coefficient of frost resistance. The approbation was carried out on six polymer compositions of different nature, which showed that rubber elastomers (TPRK/TPRK-D) retain a highly elastic state up to minus 60 ° C (without the HRA(T) plateau), while thermoplastics demonstrate a sharp increase in hardness with saturation from minus 20 ° C, which indicates glass transition and limitation of use at lower temperatures. Statistical consistency (σ ≤ 3.6 units Shore A) confirms the reliability of the method. The proposed method is technologically advanced, recipe-sensitive, and suitable for primary ranking of frost resistance of seal and damper materials.

Keywords: elastomers, low-temperature performance, glass transition temperature, temperature limit of brittleness, coefficient of frost resistance, express assessment of low-temperature performance of elastomers based on the temperature dependence of Shore A

An integrated approach to the numerical study of forced oscillations of a vehicle moving over an uneven road surface is proposed. The method combines 3D parametric modeling in SolidWorks with spectral-correlation analysis in MATLAB/Simulink. A multibody CAD model of a vehicle with independent suspension for all wheels was developed, including the main frame, lever suspensions with nonlinear elastic-damping elements, wheels, and the powertrain. The road microprofile was formalized using a correlation function implemented as a random process in MATLAB and imported into SolidWorks as a spatial profile. Dynamic analysis was performed using the SolidWorks Motion module. The results show that the vehicle's suspension exhibits a filtering effect, attenuating high-frequency disturbances from the road and shifting the dominant frequency of the center of mass oscillations to a lower range (~0.4 Hz). The rapid decay of the autocorrelation function indicates effective damping. This approach allows for efficient virtual testing without costly physical experiments.

Keywords: vehicle dynamics, road microprofile, multibody modeling, SolidWorks Motion, MATLAB/Simulink, spectral analysis, autocorrelation function, suspension filtering effect, forced oscillations

The paper investigates the improvement of methods for computing the concentration of nanoparticles in transparent liquids under the action of laser radiation. The exact solution of the third boundary value problem for the Einstein–Fokker–Planck equation is analyzed, the direct use of which in the Maple computer algebra system leads to computational instabilities at large values of the transfer parameter. A solution to the problem of unstable numerical calculations at high values of dimensionless parameters, leading to significant distortions of the result, is presented. The key result is to expand the working range of the transfer parameter and ensure the correct asymptotic behavior of the solution. Numerical experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which makes it a valuable tool for modeling and optimizing the processes of laser separation of nanoparticles.

Keywords: nanosuspension, laser radiation, concentration of nanoparticles, continuity equation, third boundary value problem, computer calculations, Maple

The purpose of the work was to develop a model of maintaining balance in accordance with the parameters of the human body, which ensures the function of maintaining the body's balance in space. The key indicator of stable balance is the center of mass (CM) of the human body. The stability of the posture is ensured by the projection of the center of mass (CM) within the support area. The article describes two models that assess the displacement of the CM projection relative to the support area. The principle of operation of the models is based on pendulum motion in the sagittal plane (forward-backward movements) and the frontal plane (lateral movements). The model includes a comprehensive visualization of the CM projection on the support area in real time, as well as a quantitative assessment of stability by counting the percentage of time spent in the support area. The model provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in maintaining equilibrium.

Keywords: balance maintenance mechanisms, modeling, biomechanics, and the center of mass