This article examines the use of a dual-circuit closed-loop system for pulsation combustion of solid fuel in agricultural services. The results of research on gas self-oscillations during wood waste combustion in a Helmholtz resonator-type installation are presented. It has been established that with certain geometric characteristics of the installation, a significant sound pressure level (up to 165 dB) can be achieved in the combustion chamber while maintaining a low noise level (up to 65 dB), which contributes to increased combustion efficiency and meets environmental requirements. Potential applications of this technology are proposed, including agricultural waste utilization, drying of agricultural products, and heating of greenhouse complexes and livestock facilities.

Keywords: Pulsation combustion, Helmholtz resonator, solid fuel, agricultural waste, energy efficiency, biomass utilization, agro-industrial complex

In this article, the focus shifts to an in-depth study of the effect of bending deformation on the change in the refractive index of the optical fiber core. The developed module will allow analyzing trends in this indicator, which will provide a more detailed understanding of the internal processes occurring in the fiber under the influence of deformation.

Keywords: mathematical modeling, optical fiber, bending deformation, modeling of deformed fiber behavior, software

The paper considers the choice of the optimal technology for the construction of tongue-and-groove fencing based on the hierarchy analysis method. Decision-making in construction practice requires consideration of many factors, including internal (cost, reliability, speed of work) and external local conditions (risk of interruptions in the supply of materials, the influence of weather conditions, work in cramped conditions). The hierarchy analysis method makes it possible to formalize the decision-making process by structuring the task in the form of a hierarchy and comparing alternatives in pairs. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the technologies of hammering, vibration immersion and static indentation of sheet piles was carried out. Priority vectors for each criterion were calculated, and the consistency of the matrices was checked. The final choice of technology is justified based on the integration of internal and external factors. The results obtained allow us to recommend the optimal technology that takes into account the technical and organizational features of the construction process.

Keywords: tongue-and-groove fencing, technology selection, hierarchy analysis method , selection criteria, construction technologies, pairwise comparison, priority vectors

The article deals with the distribution of air flow velocities for cities of compact configuration on the example of the city of Stavropol. The verification of the implementation of Weibull's law for different wind flow velocities in its various directions has been carried out.

Keywords: wind flow direction and velocity, atmospheric air, distribution law, Weibull's law, mixed Gaussian distribution, change in air flow velocities, time of day, compact city

The work is devoted to the development of eco-industrial parks in the Southern Federal District. They represent the territory allocated for sewage treatment plants (CBS). Examples of CBS using bioreactors with a ruff nozzle at denitrification, nitrification and wastewater treatment plants are given, which have a sanitary protection zone of 15-50 m for closed pavilions, allowing them to be placed directly in residential buildings. The economic parameters of the eco-industrial park are given depending on the productivity of CBS m3/day. The result of the work is a technological scheme developed by the authors for completing an eco-industrial park at the KOS site, a scheme of an eco-industrial park with an area of no more than 8 hectares is presented.

Keywords: eco-industrial parks, sewage treatment plants, wastewater, bioreactor, waste

On the basis of the analysis of tourist infrastructure objects location the influence of tourist flow seasonality on the number of temporary population of resort towns is shown. The relationship between the level of urban infrastructure development and seasonality of tourist flows is revealed.

Keywords: urban planning objects, engineering and transportation infrastructure, temporary population, tourist flow, seasonality, types of tourism

This article is devoted to the development of a method for detecting defects on the surface of a product based on anomaly detection methods using a feature extractor based on a convolutional neural network. The method involves the use of machine learning to train classification models based on the obtained features from a layer of a pre-trained U-Net neural network. As part of the study, an autoencoder is trained based on the U-Net model on data that does not contain images of defects. The features obtained from the neural network are classified using classical algorithms for identifying anomalies in the data. This method allows you to localize areas of anomalies in a test data set when only samples without anomalies are available for training. The proposed method not only provides anomaly detection capabilities, but also has high potential for automating quality control processes in various industries, including manufacturing, medicine, and information security. Due to the advantages of unsupervised machine learning models, such as robustness to unknown forms of anomalies, this method can significantly improve the efficiency of quality control and diagnostics, which in turn will reduce costs and increase productivity. It is expected that further research in this area will lead to even more accurate and reliable methods for detecting anomalies, which will contribute to the development of industry and science.

Keywords: U-Net, neural network, classification, anomaly, defect, novelty detection, autoencoder, machine learning, image, product quality, performance

Phosphogypsum is a large-scale solid waste from the production of phosphoric acid by the extraction method. The volume of accumulated waste in the world amounts to hundreds of millions of tons, and their disposal is becoming increasingly important. The article provides a brief overview of recent research on the use of phosphogypsum as a component of building materials. A list of the main factors of the negative impact of phosphogypsum waste on the environment is given, as well as the main impurities in its composition that reduce the quality of the resulting materials and methods for eliminating these impurities. It is shown that of the many products that can be obtained using phosphogypsum, the most widespread are construction and road materials, in which it is proposed to be used as a replacement for natural gypsum and sand.

Keywords: phosphogypsum, environment, building materials, road coverings, modifying additives

The paper discusses the use of carbon fiber composite materials for reinforcement of specimens made of pipe sections in tension under the action of internal pressure. Experimental investigations of steel pipes under the action of internal pressure both without reinforcement and with different number of reinforcement layers with carbon tape are described. The main interest is in the joint operation of the pipe wall and external reinforcement elements. Significant influence of external reinforcement on stiffness and deformability of the specimens is noted.

Keywords: high-strength fiber, carbon fiber, carbon tape, adhesion layer, pipe, external reinforcement system, polymer composites, tensile strength

The article presents a comparative characteristic of the cities of Izhevsk and Khabarovsk according to different criteria, an assessment of atmospheric air quality according to the atmospheric pollution index (ISA) and its dynamics, and an improved atmospheric dispersion index (UMP) is calculated. According to most indicators, the cities are very similar and comparable, with the exception of emissions from stationary sources, which are 3-4 times higher in Khabarovsk. The UMP of the city of Izhevsk corresponds to a zone with favorable conditions for the dispersion of impurities, however, the indicators are close to the boundary of this criterion (UMP ≥ 3.5), in the city of Khabarovsk favorable conditions for the dispersion of impurities. This explains why, with emissions many times higher, the emissions in both cities are at comparable levels.

Keywords: atmospheric Pollution Index (ISA), improved atmospheric dispersion index (UMP), pollution, atmosphere, sustainable development

The possibility of using expanded perlite dust (RUNWAY) in cement binder systems is being considered. A method for modifying the binder by joint mechanical activation of Portland cement, alumosilicate waste and hyperplasticizer is presented. The physico-chemical features of the modified runway make it possible to regulate the processes of hydration, phase formation, as well as the formation of the structural matrix of the composite. The compressive strength of the binder using RUNWAY as an active mineral additive increases by 36% with a decrease in density.

Keywords: technogenic raw materials, perlite, binder, dispersion, modification, mechanical activation, hydration, structure formation, phase formation, resource conservation

The issues of atmospheric pollution, including noise pollution, are considered. The dependences of the concentration of carbon monoxide at distances from the roadway at different directions and speeds of the wind flow obtained according to MRR-2017 are presented. The influence of motor transport on the condition of the air basin and the health of the urban population is considered. The levels of noise pollution in the main-line territories of Volgograd, as well as the main pollutants in the atmospheric air of the main-line territories, are considered. The dispersion of CO concentration at different wind speeds at different angles of wind direction to the road and traffic noise levels depending on the days of the week, time of day, and traffic flow intensity are considered.

Keywords: wind flow direction and speed, roadway, atmospheric air, mainline territories, traffic noise levels, carbon monoxide concentration, vehicle fleet, cargo flow

motion of the body are obtained, which can only be solved numerically. The equilibrium equations are solved and the basic stationary modes of body motion are obtained. The main result is the most gentle body planning mode. In the matlab computer mathematics system, a set of programs is written that searches for a numerical solution and outputs trajectories. The movement of the modes under consideration is modeled and the stability of the main modes is looked at using numerical calculations.

Keywords: body, planning mode, stability, geometric dimensions

The paper offers one of the variants of construction and use of fuzzy query mechanism for modeling of telecommunication network state estimation. The modular architecture of the application is considered in detail, the logic of calculating the degrees of belongingness to each term of the selected linguistic variables is described, the stages of the algorithm of work with the mechanism of fuzzy queries are given.

Keywords: fuzzy query, search, membership function parameters, state estimation modeling, database, knowledge, fuzzy classification

This paper examines and compares two neural networks, U-Net-Attention and SegGPT, which use different attention mechanisms to find relationships between different parts of the input and output data. The U-Net-Attention architecture is a dual-layer attention U-Net neural network, an efficient neural network for image segmentation. It has an encoder and decoder, combined connections between layers and connections that pass through hidden layers, which allows information about the local properties of feature maps to be conveyed. To improve the quality of segmentation, the original U-Net architecture includes an attention layer, which helps to enhance the search for the image features we need. The SegGPT model is based on the Visual Transformers architecture and also uses an attention mechanism. Both models focus attention on important aspects of a problem and can be effective in solving a variety of problems. In this work, we compared their work on segmenting cracks in road surface images to further classify the condition of the road surface as a whole. An analysis and conclusions are also made about the possibilities of using architectural transformers to solve a wide range of problems.

Keywords: machine learning, Transformer neural networks, U-Net-Attention, SegGPT, roadway condition analysis, computer vision