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  • Strength characteristics of concrete with industrial waste additives

     The article examines the influence of various industrial waste on the strength characteristics of concrete using the method of multifactorial experimental design. Three types of additives are considered: waste from sand-and-resin casting molds, aluminum powders from gas-dynamic spraying, and rubber crumb from used tires. The use of waste allows for increased environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness of concrete mixtures, as well as improved performance of materials. Experimental analysis revealed changes in the strength of concrete depending on the type of cement, type of waste, and percentage of natural sand substitution. The results obtained open up new opportunities for the development of sustainable construction.The article provides statistical data on the industry's contribution to global CO₂ emissions and justifies the need for the use of environmentally friendly materials. The "Materials and Methods" section outlines the methodology for conducting a multi-factorial experiment using the Latin square method to study the effects of three factors: the type of cement (M300, M400, and M500), the type of additive (casting molds, aluminum powders, and rubber chips), and the percentage of natural sand substitution (10%, 20%, and 30%). The article also describes the testing conditions and justifies the reduction in the number of experiments.The "Results" section presents data on the strength of concrete samples, explaining the greatest influence of the cement brand, the average influence of the substitution percentage, and the least influence of the type of waste. Empirical formulas derived from the results allow for the prediction of concrete strength under various combinations of factors. The "Conclusions" section highlights the practical significance of the work. It discusses the potential for cost reduction and environmental benefits from the use of industrial waste, as well as providing recommendations for the optimal composition of concrete mixtures for different applications.

    Keywords: multifactorial experiment, research planning methodology, strength, concrete, industrial waste