In modern construction, special attention is paid to improving the energy efficiency of buildings. One of the key elements affecting energy consumption is the design of the exterior walls, which directly determines the heat loss of the building. The purpose of this work is to analyze and optimize the design of exterior walls of civil buildings, taking into account modern energy efficiency requirements, as well as to study the effect of various thermal insulation materials on reducing energy consumption. The study examines various types of exterior walls, including single-layer and multi-layer structures, as well as the possibilities of improving their thermal performance using modern thermal insulation materials.

Keywords: energy efficiency of buildings, thermal protection, multilayer structures, heterogeneous fences, heat loss, thermal resistance, insulation, cold bridges, mineral wool, aerated concrete, thermal modernization