In modern construction, special attention is paid to improving the energy efficiency of buildings. One of the key elements affecting energy consumption is the design of the exterior walls, which directly determines the heat loss of the building. The purpose of this work is to analyze and optimize the design of exterior walls of civil buildings, taking into account modern energy efficiency requirements, as well as to study the effect of various thermal insulation materials on reducing energy consumption. The study examines various types of exterior walls, including single-layer and multi-layer structures, as well as the possibilities of improving their thermal performance using modern thermal insulation materials.

Keywords: energy efficiency of buildings, thermal protection, multilayer structures, heterogeneous fences, heat loss, thermal resistance, insulation, cold bridges, mineral wool, aerated concrete, thermal modernization

This article analyzes the main climatic indicators and considers domestic and foreign experience in the research and design of low-rise solar civil buildings in the conditions of the Republic of Tajikistan. Also, based on data from a number of scientists and preliminary studies, the basic principles of designing low-rise civil buildings, taking into account the location in the construction zone, were considered.

Keywords: climate, temperature, humidity, building, solar radiation, design, comfort, construction, insolation

This article attempts to analyze the current state of energy efficiency of construction projects in the Republic of Tajikistan. Issues related to improving the energy efficiency of newly built facilities are also considered. The problem of increasing energy efficiency depends on the solution of the issue of energy saving in the design, construction and operation of buildings. Saving energy resources in construction is one of the urgent problems in the field of electric power industry. The level of comfort of buildings and their performance depends on the level of their thermal protection. Reducing the consumption of energy resources is one of the most important tasks in the construction, reconstruction and operation of buildings and structures. Based on this, energy saving is one of the priorities of the state policy of the Republic of Tajikistan. From this point of view, the chosen research topic can be very timely and relevant.

Keywords: energy efficiency, thermal protection, normative and technical documents, natural and climatic conditions, energy consumption, energy saving, insulation, economy, construction