The authors conducted field studies of a sequential series of breakdown voltages of the ignition system of the engine ignition model F8CV of the Daewoo Matiz car idling at a minimum crankshaft speed (650 rpm). The experiments were conducted on the basis of a microprocessor system for studying the distribution of breakdown voltage values. In addition to the distribution over the ranges of breakdown voltages, the algorithm of this system allows you to record a series of breakdown voltages in the microprocessor RAM. It was revealed that a sequential series of voltage values can: increase several cycles (no more than 3 cycles); several cycles to decrease (no more than 3 cycles); stay the same. It can be assumed that there is a correlation between the breakdown voltage and the maximum cycle pressure. A further research objective is to identify the patterns of change in breakdown voltage in a sequential series of breakdown voltage values.
Keywords: ignition system, spark discharge, internal combustion engine, spark plugs, breakdown voltage, histogram
The authors carried out in-situ studies of the distribution of the breakdown voltage values of the F8CV engine of the Daewoo Matiz Diesel engine idling at a minimum engine speed (650 rpm) and with an increased crankshaft speed (2840 rpm). A histogram of the distribution of the values of the breakdown voltage in the interelectrode gap of the spark plug is obtained for these operating modes of the internal combustion engine. It was revealed that at a minimum engine speed of the ICE crankshaft, the distribution of the cyclic values of the breakdown voltages obeys the normal distribution law for a spread of 6-15 kV. At higher speeds, the distribution of the cyclic values of the breakdown voltages differs from the normal distribution law. With an increase in the speed of the crankshaft, all values of the breakdown voltage fall by 3-4 kV. This can be explained by homogenization of the mixture and an improvement in the conditions for breakdown of the spark plug interelectrode gap.
Keywords: ignition system, spark discharge, internal combustion engine, spark plugs, breakdown voltage, histogram
The authors developed an algorithm, a microprocessor system for studying the distribution of values of breakdown voltages in the gap of the spark plug. The microprocessor system includes capacitive voltage dividers and a device for processing and outputting information. The device for processing and outputting information consists of the following main blocks: peak detector, microcontroller and LCD indicator. The field studies of the microprocessor system were carried out at idle speed with the minimum engine speed of the crankshaft. A histogram of the distribution of the values of the breakdown voltage in the interelectrode gap of the spark plug is obtained. The application of this system not only in the laboratory environment, but also on the car can provide valuable information about malfunctions in the ignition system and assess the dependence of the intercycle non-identity of the engine working process on the variations of the breakdown voltage
Keywords: ignition system, spark discharge, internal combustion engine, spark plugs, breakdown voltage, microprocessor, capacitive voltage divider
The authors carried out in-situ studies of the distribution of the breakdown voltage values of the F8CV engine of the Daewoo Matiz engine with the engine warmed up and idling at the minimum crankshaft speed. A histogram of the distribution of the values of the breakdown voltage in the interelectrode gap of the spark plug is obtained for these operating modes of the internal combustion engine. It was revealed that 50-63% of all values of the breakdown voltage fall within the range 10.0-10.9 kV. When the engine warms up, 36% of all breakdown voltage values are 10 kV. The remaining 8 and 9 kV account for 50% of the values. The maximum variance of the cyclic values of the breakdown voltage is 20-40% with an average breakdown voltage of 10 kV.
Keywords: ignition system, spark discharge, internal combustion engine, spark plugs, breakdown voltage, microprocessor, capacitive voltage divider, histogram
The work of the sensors of passenger traffic control in conditions of a dense stream of people in the controlled section of the doorway was conducted. The results showed the possibility of determining the direction of movement of a person due to a change in the distance between the sensor and the moving person. The interference due to the high density of passenger traffic, which, however, does not lead, however, to the development of the corresponding algorithms, to false alarms of the sensors is detected. However, additional field studies are required on the vehicle of the passenger counting device based on ultrasonic distance measurement sensors
Keywords: passenger, ultrasound, passenger transport, road transport, distance sensor, Arduino, bus
The field studies of the device in a controlled section of the doorway of the trolleybus were carried out. Studies have shown the operability of the device with the appropriate information processing algorithm, which allows to extract an information signal from short-term interference. It is necessary to carry out on the vehicle additional field studies of the passenger counting device based on ultrasonic proximity sensors aimed at eliminating the reflection of interference from the walls and, accordingly, improving the accuracy of counting the number of incoming and outgoing passengers.
Keywords: passenger, ultrasound, passenger transport, road transport, distance sensor, Arduino, trolleybus
The constructions of directional microphones of the "linear" type and the test procedure are described. On a controlled lane of the highway, full-scale studies of microphones produced by the authors were carried out. Thus, the relative error in the measurement of microphones No. 1 and 2 was found, which was 12.1 and 13%, respectively. The minimum error is detected with a microphone of the "linear" type No. 1, whose slots are located on the sides on four sides
Keywords: transport stream, transport noise, passive acoustic detector, directional microphone
Programmatically implemented in MATLAB algorithm for calculating the intensity of the transport stream for the acoustic emission of cars based on the fixation of the amplitude value of the acoustic signal. The software allows you to change the threshold for fixing the amplitude value. For the approbation of the proposed software, field studies were carried out on the street-road network in Penza. Practical implementation of the software may require the introduction of an adaptive threshold, depending on the number of lanes of the road.
Keywords: noise, vehicle intensity, traffic flow, MATLAB, signal amplitude, acoustics, passive acoustic detector
An algorithm is proposed for calculating the intensity of the transport stream for the acoustic emission of cars based on fixing the amplitude value of the acoustic signal. The proposed algorithm is implemented in the MATLAB package. To test the proposed algorithm, natural studies were conducted on the street-road network in Penza
Keywords: noise, vehicle intensity, traffic flow, MATLAB, signal amplitude, acoustics, passive acoustic detector
Using a semiconductor sensor for the concentration of alcohol vapors based on a microcontroller, the authors developed a device for monitoring the content of alcohol vapors with an indication of the readings on the LCD display. An algorithm for the work of the alcohol content control device developed by the authors is proposed. To take samples of exhaled air, a mouthpiece made by the authors was used. The results of full-scale tests of the developed instrument are given
Keywords: Alcohol intoxication, breathalyzer, traffic safety, device, alcohol, statistics of road accidents
We describe the design of a directional microphone and a methodology for conducting the tests. In a controlled motion lane highway conducted field observations made by the authors microphone. As a result of the simulation is determined relative measurement error. It is shown that in order to reduce relative error detector transport recommended in 30-100 m behind the traffic lights, since the start of the vehicle the sound coming from the car, increases. Within the measurement error of 12%, a passive acoustic detection of transport, can be applied in the total intensity on the stretch of road that does not exceed 400 vehicles / h.
Keywords: transport stream, transport noise, passive acoustic detector, directional microphone
Experimental studies of the ignition system of the engine idling. With the help of current and voltage sensors made visualization, transformation and analysis of information about the characteristics of energy spark discharge in the cylinder of the engine idling. Produced by processing waveform is shown that with increasing rotation speed of motor there is a reduction of the energy released in the electrode gap of the spark plug. Reducing the energy released (at a constant value of the energy stored in the magnetic field of the ignition coil) due to its redistribution between the capacitive and inductive discharge phases. By increasing rotation speed of motor the breakdown voltage increases, so does the excess air ratio, which also increases the breakdown voltage electrode gap spark plugs.
Keywords: ignition system, spark, spark ignition, ignition coil, motor, electrical equipment, ignition sparkplugs
Experimental studies of the ignition system to the load operation of the motor. With the help of current and voltage sensors made visualization, transformation and analysis of information about the characteristics of energy spark discharge in the cylinder at different operation modes. Produced by processing waveform is shown that with increasing rotation speed of motor is decreasing the duration of the spark discharge with an increase in the energy released in the electrode gap of the spark plug. With increasing rotation speed the release of energy takes place in a shorter period of time due to increased voltage; increasing the amount of energy by reducing the value of the breakdown voltage. However, these relationships are non-linear. On the mode of maximum torque and power discharge duration increased.
Keywords: ignition system, spark, spark ignition, ignition coil, motor, electrical equipment, ignition sparkplugs
The laboratory studies the dependence of breakdown voltage of the spark plug gap on the polarity of the high voltage generated ignition system, air density and the size of the spark plug gap. The studies were performed using the tester spark under pressure. With a resistive voltage sensor made visualization, transformation and analysis of information on the magnitude of the breakdown voltage. Produced processing waveforms shown that flashover occurs regardless of the magnitude of the gap and is determined by the rate of rise of the secondary voltage of the external shape of the electrode and insulator spark plug. To reduce the breakdown voltage should be selected polarity when the cathode is the breakdown of the central electrode of the spark plug. Reversal may allow push surface breakdown in the zone of higher pressure in the chamber of the device, albeit with an increase in the breakdown voltage of the spark gap.
Keywords: ignition system, spark, spark ignition, ignition coil, motor, electrical equipment, ignition sparkplugs, breakdown voltage
The investigation and analysis of noise characteristics of the traffic flow via a directional microphone. The principle of operation of directional microphones and test procedures. Full-scale research made microphone-controlled lane highway. When approaching the vehicle to the maximum level of the microphone signal is necessary at the time of finding the vehicle in front of a microphone. Investigations at the location detection hole up from the road surface to the left (toward the oncoming lane controlled by car) and right (after moving band controlled by car). Location detecting holes toward the oncoming lane controlled by car is the best, as it allows to ensure minimum impact on the accuracy of counting cars traveling on the adjacent oncoming lane.
Keywords: noise characteristics, transport stream, passive acoustic detector, directional microphone