The article presents the results of laboratory testing of a precast lintel made of D600 aerated concrete blocks fastened together using assembly adhesive for laying aerated concrete blocks and three reinforcing bars, two bars in the lower zone with a diameter of 20 mm A400 and one bar in the upper zone with a diameter of 16 mm A400. When testing the beam lintel, 3 loading schemes were assembled, each of which was a beam hinged on concrete supports. The obtained data were analyzed. Based on the test results, destructive loads, the nature of destruction were determined and the resulting deformations were assessed. The nature of destruction is similar to that of reinforced concrete beam structures with insufficient transverse reinforcement; destruction in all tested prototypes occurs in the support zone along inclined sections. The bearing capacity of aerated concrete lintels made of piece material is sufficient for use in construction practice.

Keywords: testing, bearing capacity, reliability, deformability, gas blocks, lintels, destruction

This paper explores the content-based filtering approach in modern recommender systems, focusing on its key principles, implementation methods, and evaluation metrics. The study highlights the advantages of content-based systems in scenarios that require deep object analysis and user preference modeling, especially when there is a lack of data for collaborative filtering.

Keywords: сontent - oriented filtering, recommendation systems, feature extraction, similarity metrics, personalization

This article highlights the use of tethered balloons in the construction of high-rise buildings, where the use of cranes or helicopters is not always advisable due to the technological features of the structures being built, or for economic reasons. The design scheme of a balloon system capable of mounting high-rise structures, in particular industrial chimneys, is described. Examples of the installation of high-rise pipe structures are given. The basis of theoretical approaches is given to determine the characteristics of the shell as the main component of cargo balloon carriers. A method for determining the volume of a balloon is given, as an important element in the balloon shell design.

Keywords: balloon crane, construction of high-rise facilities, high-rise installation, balloon system, equation of equilibrium of a balloon crane.

The article presents an analysis of modern methods of image generation: variational autoencoders (VAE), generative adversarial networks (GAN) and diffusion models. The main attention is paid to a comparative analysis of their performance, generation quality and computational requirements. The Frechet Inception Distance (FID) metric is used to assess the image quality. Diffusion models showed the best results (FID 20.8), outperforming VAE (FID 59.75) and GAN (FID 38.9), but require significant resources. VAEs are stable, but generate blurry images. GANs provide high quality, but suffer from training instability and mode collapse. Diffusion models, due to step-by-step noise decoding, combine detail and structure, which makes them the most promising. Also considered are methods of image-to-image generation used for image modification. The results of the study are useful for specialists in the field of machine learning and computer vision, contributing to the improvement of algorithms and expansion of the areas of application of generative models.

Keywords: deepfake, deep learning, artificial intelligence, GAN, VAE, diffusion model

The article considers the issues of increasing road safety in urban development in winter. The causes of snow and ice deposits and their impact on the comfort and safety of traffic, including pedestrians, are considered. A review of modern snow melting and road surface heating systems is provided, with the most effective examples of road surface heating projects being given. A comparative analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of road surface heating systems is performed, using a 1000 m2 car park as an example. Recommendations are given for the use of road surface heating systems.

Keywords: highways, hydrothermal systems, electrical systems, road surface heating

The article considers issues related to the development of the territories of the Far North and the Arctic, namely, issues of ensuring transport accessibility of the northern regions. The issues of relevance and demand for the construction of winter roads and ice crossings are considered. The features of the construction and operation of winter roads are studied. The main methods of strengthening and extending the service life of winter roads are considered and analyzed. Options for strengthening winter roads and ice crossings with geosynthetic materials are proposed and substantiated. Recommendations are given to reduce the environmental impact of measures to strengthen winter roads on the environment.

Keywords: winter roads, ice crossings, ice coverings, strengthening, reinforcement

During long-term operation of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures under the influence of various loads and impacts, destructive changes occur, which lead to a decrease in the bearing capacity and serviceability, and, as a consequence, to the need to use structural reinforcement. In compressed elements, as is known, concrete destruction occurs due to reaching tensile stresses in the transverse direction of the strength limit. In this case, one of the effective methods for strengthening such structures is the creation of transverse ferrules from composite materials. At the same time, the studies show relatively low stresses in the elements of composite reinforcement when the structure reaches destruction. The current task of this study is to study the effect of prestressing elements made of carbon composite materials on changing the physical and mechanical properties of concrete under compression. The technology of creating prestressing is considered and the results of testing experimental concrete samples are presented. It was found that reinforcing elements with prestressed ferrules increases the strength of concrete by more than 2 times.

Keywords: concrete, reinforced concrete, compressed elements, reinforcement, composite materials, pre-compression, strength, deformability

The authors of this article raise the issue of the correct selection of internal material for sandwich panels. The use of these structures is widespread in the construction of industrial facilities, so it is important to consider all the parameters of possible options for the optimal choice. The authors define the objectives of the article as the creation of an auxiliary comparative table with the parameters of the most popular thermal insulation materials for sandwich panels based on regulatory and theoretical information, as well as the formulation of recommendations for the use of a certain material depending on the specified conditions. Particular attention in the study is paid to such properties of materials as moisture resistance, flammability, durability, density and thermal insulation. It is also important to note that the article touches upon the cost issue, namely, market prices for sandwich panels are compared with the considered insulation materials of some suppliers.

Keywords: thermal insulation materials, sandwich panels, properties of materials, analysis of properties, moisture resistance of structures, density

production processes during the fourth industrial revolution according to the concept of Industry 4.0. The concept of Industry 4.0 provides for the digital transformation of production using modern automated production technologies and information technologies. Such transformation accelerates the pace of production and management integration of production and reduces the costs of servicing control systems and equipment. Automated production equipment of modern enterprises should be controlled using information and communication technologies. The basic technology that ensures the exchange of information between devices and facilitates decision-making on the network is the Internet of Things. Artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, service orientation, high-speed communication systems and remote access are technologies that allow organizing harmonious intelligent production. Thanks to this, production will have the maximum level of automation of processes and their full control, feedback between production links and product properties, reduced costs per unit of production and improved quality. Modern automation systems are analyzed and it is indicated that in order to create flexible intelligent production environments, it is necessary to use effective models of component-based industrial automation systems with high reliability. The ways to improve the efficiency of component-based systems based on modern technologies are presented: artificial intelligence, machine learning, high-speed wireless networks, forecasting systems, monitoring and data processing in real time. The creation of effective component-based industrial automation systems will reduce the time and cost per unit of production, improve its quality and reliability of production systems.

Keywords: automation, industry 4.0, efficiency, digitalization, component-based systems

Support for decision-making in response to forest fires is a complex multi-criteria process. This article provides a comparative assessment of the validity of decisions made using three decision support tools. The analytic hierarchy process, analytical network method, and TOPSIS method were used for the assessment. The uncertainty, volume, and degree of heterogeneity of the data taken into account when making decisions were considered as validity criteria. The conducted studies have proven the possibility of using the intelligent decision support system developed by the authors to respond to forest fire threats, as well as increasing their validity compared to other tools.management decisions. The validity of management decisions is understood as an objective representation of the state of the external environment (uncertainty of data and decisions, the volume of processed data, the dimension of the feature space) from the point of view of the problem being solved by the decision maker. The evaluation of tools allows you to determine the preference of tools in terms of the criteria under consideration.

Keywords: multi-criteria assessment, forest fires, validity, intelligent decision support system

The work is devoted to the problems of assessing and predicting the reliability of photovoltaic generation devices. The purpose of the work is to identify factors affecting the volume of electricity generation, as well as to build models and procedures for predicting the reliability of the panels during their use depending on these factors. An overview of the types of solar power plants and the photovoltaic panels used is given. An analysis of the factors affecting their reliability is performed, on the basis of which a hierarchy of fuzzy factors related to each other by fuzzy production rules is built. It is proposed to use a statistical two-parameter Weibull model to predict the reliability of the panels. An algorithm for neuro-fuzzy tuning of the reliability forecasting model depending on the factors considered is developed and software implemented, which can be used to create information and analytical systems for decision support in the design and operation of solar power plants.

Keywords: solar energy, photovoltaic panel, reliability prediction, statistical model, neuro-fuzzy network

The widespread use of social media platforms has led to the accumulation of vast amounts of stored data, enabling the prediction of rare events based on user interaction analysis. This study presents a method for predicting rare events using graph theory, particularly graphlets. The social network VKontakte, with over 90 million users, serves as the data source. The ORCA algorithm is utilized to identify characteristic graph structures within the data. Throughout the study, user interactions were analyzed to identify precursors of rare events and assess prediction accuracy. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, its potential for threat monitoring, and the possibilities for further refinement of graphlet-based prediction models.

Keywords: social media, security event, event prediction, graph theory, graphlet, interaction analysis, time series analysis, correlation analysis, data processing, anomalous activity

The article considers the problem of dynamic control of a 3-connected manipulator designed for trajectory following in conditions of external dynamic disturbances. To ensure the stability of the system, an adaptive PID controller based on the methods of kinematics and dynamics of a multi-link system is proposed. The analytical conclusions of direct kinematics, the calculation of the Jacobian matrix, and the perturbation compensation algorithm are described in detail. The experimental part is presented in the form of MATLAB modeling, the results of which are illustrated by graphs of motion, error convergence, dependence of link angles and control moments, as well as comparative tables of system characteristics at various levels of disturbances.

Keywords: robotics, manipulator, adaptive PID controller, dynamic control, direct kinematics, Jacobian matrix, perturbation compensation

A project is a single system, an interconnected network of elements: participants, resources, processes, and goals. This relationship is critically important for successful implementation by the technical customer service. Processes that are clearly defined and managed ensure consistency and efficiency. Therefore, project design and management requires a systematic approach that takes into account all relationships and strives to optimize each element to achieve a common goal. A system approach is a method that considers a problem or task in terms of its interrelationships and interactions of all elements of the system. In the context of a technical customer service, this approach can be particularly useful for project management, process optimization, and work efficiency improvement.

Keywords: construction project, technical customer, planning, technologies, risks, system approach, project management, documentation of processes, construction site, system

The importance of recycling construction waste for the development of closed-loop economy technologies in the construction industry is considered. The effect of replacing high-quality granite and limestone crushed stone with secondary aggregate obtained by crushing concrete scrap on the strength properties of geopolymer concrete was investigated. It was established that such a replacement does not lead to a decrease in the strength of such concrete, and the impact resistance increases significantly.

Keywords: demolition waste, concrete scrap, recycling, geopolymer concrete, blast furnace granular slag, crushed stone crushing screening, closed-loop economy technologies, secondary aggregate, strength, impact resistance