This article deals with the use glass in modern rchitecture, with an emphasis on innovative approaches and technologies applied famous architects of the 20th and 21st centuries. The article analyses key projects demonstrating unique properties of glass as a material, conducive to the creation of dynamic, functional and visually expressive architectural forms. Special attention is paid to environmental aspects of glass and its impact on sustainability of architectural objects.

Keywords: "glass, architecture, energy efficiency, lighting, material, application, approach, shape, design, facade"

The integration of artificial intelligence into mobile devices is fraught with serious challenges, especially due to the limited resources available and the requirements for real-time data processing. The article discusses modern approaches to reducing computing costs and resources in systems for mobile objects with artificial intelligence, including model optimization, and computing allocation strategies for mobile platforms with limited resources.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, moving objects, lightweight models, peripheral models, hardware acceleration, knowledge distillation, quantization

The article discusses aspects of the implementation of the architecture of cultural and educational centres in industrial cities. This article reveals historical context of the formation of cultural and educational institutions in the structure of industrial cities. Some of the objects in cities of the Donbass region are given as examples, including the context of architectural revitalization. The term "rehabilitation" is analyzed in relation to architectural and urban planning activities. The factors that determine the need for social rehabilitation in industrial cities are given in this article, including those applicable to the cities of the Donbass region. The aspects of social rehabilitation are formulated in this paper, which make it possible to apply this concept to industrial territories. Some socio-economic aspects, that reveal the meaning of architectural reinterpretation of objects of industrial and post-industrial territories, are given in this paper. Special attention is paid to the potential of cultural and educational centers as a tool for integrating former industrial territories into modern urban space.

Keywords: architectural heritage, industrial city, culture, cultural and educational institution, social environment, leisure, rehabilitation, modernization, architectural transformation, sustainable urban development, regional specifics

Decentralized parametric insurance represents a promising innovation in the decentralized finance industry, offering automated and transparent payments based on verifiable external data. However, this dependence on external data supplied by oracles creates a critical vulnerability. The complexity of smart contracts can lead to unforeseen consequences, as demonstrated by attacks using flash credit: an instant loan that must be repaid as part of the same blockchain transaction. These attacks have become one of the most destructive vectors of economic attacks, allowing attackers to manipulate price oracles and initiate fraudulent insurance payments. Existing defense mechanisms, such as time-weighted average price oracles, are passive and not always sufficient to prevent such attacks. This article presents an original model of preventive protection. The author formalizes an attack on oracles using flash credit as a game-theoretic model with three participants: an attacker, a Protocol, and an Arbitrageur, where the latter is an automatic trading program implemented in a smart contract. Using a mathematical framework based on the invariant of an automatic market maker, the author determines the exact "window of vulnerability" - the economic conditions under which an attack is beneficial for an attacker and unprofitable for market arbitrageurs. Based on this analysis, the architecture of "SC-Guard" is proposed — a system of smart contracts with preventive protection against attacks using flash credit. Such a system monitors transactions not yet included in the blocks in real time for threats and dynamically changes economic incentives, subsidizing the Arbitrageur to neutralize attacks before they are executed. Instead of passively resisting manipulation, a system architecture is proposed that actively makes flash credit attacks economically unprofitable, providing a higher level of security for decentralized parametric insurance protocols.

Keywords: decentralized finance, parametric insurance, flash loans, oracle attacks, game theory, smart contract security, maximum extractable value, preemptive defense.

The article discusses the issues of assessing the robustness of memristor elements in order to increase the reliability of artificial intelligence systems based on nanoelectronic structures. The system of nonlinear equations describing the frequency response of a memristor, the input signals of which can strongly depend on various parameters, cannot be solved using methods accessible to standard mathematics.
To achieve the result, it is proposed that the system of equations be solved using interval arithmetic methods. The value of intermediate solutions lies in the fact that they provide access to the most reliable solutions to basic problems, taking into account possible changes in the initial and calculated values.
The main task of interval computing is to replace arithmetic operations and real functions on real numbers with interval operations and functions that transform intervals containing these numbers. In interval calculation, the main object of research is the interval, which is a closed numerical interval. The value of interval calculations lies in the fact that they contain accurate solutions to the initial problems. The interval calculation methods developed to date are based on the use of arithmetic operations with real and complex numbers.
Using interval calculation can help reduce errors in calculations and data storage in electronic devices. For example, when using memristors to store information, interval calculation can help account for factors affecting data read and write errors. Interval arithmetic allows you to take into account possible errors and uncertainties that may arise during measurements and calculations. This helps to reduce the likelihood of errors and increase the accuracy of forecasting the operation of memristors.
The proposed algorithm for estimating the robustness of a memristor in the mode, which takes into account significant increases in the nonlinearities of electrical parameters from the point of view of reliability, makes it possible to calculate the characteristics of the developed circuits and reduce the time spent on circuit engineering when searching for the best option.

Keywords: memristor, multipole, topological graph, finite increments, structural-parametric model, algorithm

This paper examines the problem of assessing the influence of social network users and their groups in disseminating information among audiences. Forming a network of user subsets to initiate informational influence is a computationally complex problem with a stochastically uncertain outcome. Existing centrality metrics typically involve searching for all shortest paths in a graph or solving large-scale systemic sources. This paper provides approximate estimates of the influence of individual network participants and their subsets, based on modifications of the Flageolet-Martin algorithm. A greedy algorithm based on electronic metrics is also proposed, enabling coalition formation by iteratively supplementing it with quasi-optimal elements. The obtained results can be applied to problems of information analysis, forecasting, and planning in social networks.

Keywords: Social network, informational influence, coalition, influence, connection graph, centrality metric, closeness centrality, shortest path, route, approximate estimate, greedy algorithm

The article discusses the mechanism of creating an information security ecosystem and its organization model, as well as analyzes the requirements for information protection, functional areas of information protection, and rules for building information security ecosystems. Based on this analysis, the article formulates the main principles for building information security ecosystems, including the principles for developing the ecosystem architecture, the principles for organizing the protection of objects, the principles for applying technologies, and the principles for implementing management. The analysis of the main elements of the information security ecosystem has been carried out. Based on the traditional view of responding to a threat, the functionality of the elements of a typical information security ecosystem has been determined. An alternative approach to building an information security ecosystem has been proposed, based on defining the composition and functionality of its elements, taking into account the purpose, characteristics, and vulnerabilities of the protected objects themselves

Keywords: information security, ecosystem, building principles, standard, cybersecurity framework, information security tools

This research paper addresses the growing challenge of sophisticated, multi-stage cyberattacks that bypass traditional security measures like firewalls and intrusion detection systems. The study proposes a novel formal approach to model attacker behavior and analyze attack vectors, with a specific focus on estimating the total time required to execute an attack scenario. The core of the methodology is an extension of Labelled Transition Systems (LTS) into a Time-Labelled Transition System (TLTS). This model introduces a time function that assigns a delay to each event, enabling the calculation of the execution time for different attack paths. A formal language, utilizing sequence and choice operators, is developed for the compact description of complex attack scenarios. The paper formulates precise rules for generating all possible paths from a given attack vector and provides a method for calculating their total number. The practical application of the formalism is demonstrated through two detailed case studies: an attack leveraging a malicious mobile application and the compromise of an IoT video surveillance system. For each, the attack vector is presented both graphically and in the proposed notation, and all possible execution paths are explicitly derived. The concluded approach provides a valuable foundation for proactive security assessment, allowing for the formalization of attack surfaces and the estimation of implementation timeframes, which can be instrumental in developing enhanced defense mechanisms. Future work will involve modeling more complex scenarios incorporating active countermeasures.

Keywords: attack modeling, information security, transition system, time delay, formal language, attack scenario, attack trajectory, attack vector, cybersecurity, vulnerability analysis, information protection, attacker behavior

Against the backdrop of tightening requirements to reduce production costs and the cost of construction products, a technical solution for insulating building structures is proposed. This article analyzes literary sources, both fundamental and modern, covering issues of thermal protection of buildings; factors influencing the payback period of investment energy-saving construction projects; and examples of economic evaluation of energy-saving measures. Heat loss through the roof structure under consideration was calculated. Heat loss graphs were constructed for various «roof – window» combinations. Insulation options were identified, based on regulatory requirements and the criteria for minimizing the amount of work. An economic analysis of the selected options was conducted.

Keywords: heat loss, utility function of thermal insulation, indifference curves, budget equation

 The article examines the influence of various industrial waste on the strength characteristics of concrete using the method of multifactorial experimental design. Three types of additives are considered: waste from sand-and-resin casting molds, aluminum powders from gas-dynamic spraying, and rubber crumb from used tires. The use of waste allows for increased environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness of concrete mixtures, as well as improved performance of materials. Experimental analysis revealed changes in the strength of concrete depending on the type of cement, type of waste, and percentage of natural sand substitution. The results obtained open up new opportunities for the development of sustainable construction.The article provides statistical data on the industry's contribution to global CO₂ emissions and justifies the need for the use of environmentally friendly materials. The "Materials and Methods" section outlines the methodology for conducting a multi-factorial experiment using the Latin square method to study the effects of three factors: the type of cement (M300, M400, and M500), the type of additive (casting molds, aluminum powders, and rubber chips), and the percentage of natural sand substitution (10%, 20%, and 30%). The article also describes the testing conditions and justifies the reduction in the number of experiments.The "Results" section presents data on the strength of concrete samples, explaining the greatest influence of the cement brand, the average influence of the substitution percentage, and the least influence of the type of waste. Empirical formulas derived from the results allow for the prediction of concrete strength under various combinations of factors. The "Conclusions" section highlights the practical significance of the work. It discusses the potential for cost reduction and environmental benefits from the use of industrial waste, as well as providing recommendations for the optimal composition of concrete mixtures for different applications.

Keywords: multifactorial experiment, research planning methodology, strength, concrete, industrial waste

This article examines the fundamental principles of the combined critical path method/line of balance (CPM-LOB) method, used in foreign practices for scheduling repetitive construction projects, and the corresponding algorithm for calculating the parameters of heterorhythmic construction flows based on the duration of critical path activities within a single local work front (work unit) and the project-wide deadline. The article identifies the method's key shortcomings and their potential solutions. A modification of the CPM-LOB method, utilizing parallel work by crews on multiple work units within cycles, is presented. A method for coordinating related work performed by crews within cycles, the "Delta-shift" method, is described. Finally, the article assesses the applicability of this method to designing heterorhythmic work flows in domestic scheduling practices for construction, reconstruction, and major repair projects involving buildings and structures.

Keywords: construction organization, flow method, scheduling, flowline chart, network diagram, critical path method, construction work flow, work front, work unit, Delta-shift method

In modern construction, special attention is paid to improving the energy efficiency of buildings. One of the key elements affecting energy consumption is the design of the exterior walls, which directly determines the heat loss of the building. The purpose of this work is to analyze and optimize the design of exterior walls of civil buildings, taking into account modern energy efficiency requirements, as well as to study the effect of various thermal insulation materials on reducing energy consumption. The study examines various types of exterior walls, including single-layer and multi-layer structures, as well as the possibilities of improving their thermal performance using modern thermal insulation materials.

Keywords: energy efficiency of buildings, thermal protection, multilayer structures, heterogeneous fences, heat loss, thermal resistance, insulation, cold bridges, mineral wool, aerated concrete, thermal modernization

Long-term operation of a building and untimely repairs lead to damage in load-bearing structures, such as destruction of anti-corrosion protection, surface corrosion, layered and deep corrosion of metal. In reinforced concrete columns, frequent damage includes cracks along the working reinforcement, concrete chips at the corners with exposure of reinforcement rods, separation of the concrete cover, corrosion of the working reinforcement. In this case, the question arises about the impact of the identified damage on the technical condition of the structure. The survey of production buildings and structures is carried out in order to determine the technical condition of building structures and obtain quantitative indicators of the quality and load-bearing capacity of building elements and the entire building. The article presents the results of calculating the loss of potential load-bearing capacity of a metal column and beam, and also discusses the process of degradation of a reinforced concrete cross-section and the loss of load-bearing capacity of a column due to the development of corrosion of reinforcement rods. The article will be relevant for specialists and experts in the field of industrial safety expertise and building and structure inspection.

Keywords: metal columns, metal roof beams, loss of load-bearing capacity, surface corrosion of the column metal, deep corrosion of the column metal, technical condition of the roof beams, corrosion of the roof beams

The article is devoted to the scientific and methodological foundations of the development of compositions of composite materials specifically designed to significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties of substrates and road coverings of highways, various products and structures. The fundamental principles underlying the creation of an optimal structure of composite materials are described in detail, which contributes to a significant increase in strength, reliability and longer service life of structures. In addition, an analysis of modern methods for optimizing the composition of composites is given, special attention is paid to the importance of taking into account the specifics of interphase interactions between components and the distribution of filler particles inside the matrix. Practical approaches are described and examples of successful application of the principles and the potential of the solutions obtained are given. The key role of mathematical modeling and experiments, which are an integral part of effective formulation selection and optimization of composite properties, is highlighted separately. The main provisions of all the methods under consideration are the competent selection of high-quality starting materials, the correct determination of the optimal granulometric composition of the mineral components of mixtures, the accurate calculation of the required amount of binders, as well as strict control over the compliance of the designed characteristics with the planned indicators, which guarantees the receipt of high-quality and reliable substrates and coatings for highways, products and structures.

Keywords: building composites, composition, design, development, technology, modeling, property management, optimization, road clothing

A study was conducted to examine the influence of anode material on heat dissipation efficiency in a plasma torch cooling system. Computer modeling was used to calculate thermal and hydrodynamic processes for anodes made of M1 copper, L63 brass, and BrO8Ts4 bronze. Copper achieved the highest heat dissipation efficiency due to its high thermal conductivity, as confirmed by a full-scale experiment. The results demonstrate that the choice of anode material is a key factor in improving the reliability and service life of a plasma torch.

Keywords: plasma torch, anode unit, copper, brass, bronze, heat sink, thermal conductivity, computer modeling, finite element method, cooling efficiency, thermal conditions

The article is devoted to the problem of verification of distributed algorithms using formal methods. The classical leader selection algorithm in ring topology, the ring algorithm, is chosen as the object of research. For its analysis, the specification language of the Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA+) is used. The paper presents a detailed formal model of the algorithm, describing its states and transitions, taking into account the features of distributed systems, such as the lack of shared memory. The key properties of correctness are formulated and proved: the uniqueness of the leader (the property of security), the finality of elections (the property of liveliness) and consent. The correctness of the specification was confirmed using the model model verifier of the language of temporal logic of actions, which exhaustively checked all achievable states for the model with three processes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Time Logic Specification language (TLA+) for providing a high degree of confidence in the reliability of distributed systems.

Keywords: formal verification, distributed systems, ring algorithm, leader selection, specification language for temporal logic of actions, model verification, security properties, vivacity properties.formal verification, distributed systems, ring algorithm

This study presents a method for preprocessing data sequences aimed at identifying and grouping different data files for subsequent use in training neural networks. An algorithm for file comparison based on the relative deviation of feature values ​​is proposed, taking into account boundary cases (zero and near-zero values). The implementation includes parallel processing to improve performance and the generation of detailed reports. The method is tested on a dataset containing 10,000 files with parameters of a chemical process in a laboratory reactor. The results demonstrate the method's effectiveness in identifying stationary regions and generating balanced training sets.

Keywords: вata preprocessing, relative deviation, machine learning, parallel computing, file grouping, computational fluid dynamics, chemical reactor

A vectorial diffraction model is presented for the focusing of a Gaussian laser beam with a wavelength of 800 nm by a parabolic metallic mirror with a diameter of 15 mm and a focal length of 150 mm. The model is based on a rigorous calculation of the reflected electromagnetic field using s- and p-polarization basis functions, complex Fresnel coefficients, and the Kirchhoff–Rayleigh surface integral. The reflective coating is characterized by a complex refractive index n = 0.145 + 4.5i, corresponding to silver in the near-infrared spectral range. The incident beam has a waist radius of 3 mm at the mirror’s vertex plane. The field distribution in the focal plane is numerically computed on a 300×300 grid over a ±30 μm region. Focus quality is evaluated using three criteria: total intensity, radial intensity distribution, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the focal spot. A focal spot with FWHM ≈ 8.56 μm is obtained, in close agreement with the theoretical diffraction-limited estimate. The results demonstrate that accounting for the vectorial nature of the field and the dissipative properties of the metal enables accurate prediction of polarization distortions and energy losses in practical mirror-based focusing systems.

Keywords: vectorial diffraction model, parabolic metallic mirror, Gaussian laser beam, Fresnel coefficients, complex refractive index

Modern telemedicine is developing unevenly across the globe, and there are objective reasons for this. This article analyzes modern information and computing systems and technologies used for diagnosing and treating patients. This article provides a brief history of telemedicine as a technical means of providing medical care and provides examples of the use of information technology in Russian and global medical practice. Key approaches to the use of large-scale language models as a technological core to assist healthcare professionals in making professional decisions are explored. Examples of optimization of diagnostic and treatment processes using digital technologies are analyzed. The author attempts to analyze the latest scientific achievements in the use of information technologies in medicine, with the aim of demonstrating the transition to a new level of quality of medical services through the use of information and computing systems.

Keywords: telemedicine, digital technologies, large language models, medical diagnostics, medical practice, technology analysis, history of telemedicine, comparative analysis, digital transformation, systems analysis

The paper presents a technique for integrating three-dimensional solid-state models developed in the CAD SolidWorks environment into the MATLAB/Simulink dynamic modeling environment. A key element of the research is the use of the Simscape Multibody module to transform geometric data and kinematic relationships into a multi-mass dynamic model. The technique has been tested using the example of creating a virtual prototype of a steering wheel platform.

Keywords: SolidWorks, MATLAB/Simulink, Simscape Multibody, Virtual prototype, steering kinematics, end-to-end design, multi-mass dynamic modeldiversification, production and technical goals to ensure production flexibility