The results of a study of the shrinkage, mechanical properties, and durability of slag-lime concrete modified with machine and vegetable oils are presented. To determine the effect of the oils, the physical and mechanical properties (setting time, compressive strength, and autogenous shrinkage) were tested. The experimental results show that using oil as a structure modifier for slag-lime concrete can significantly reduce its autogenous shrinkage by reducing surface tension and creating a denser internal structure. It was found that emulsified oils provide superior physical and mechanical properties to concrete compared to non-emulsified oils. The setting time is also longer than in compositions without an organic modifier. The use of emulsified oils reduces the negative properties of slag-lime concrete, such as shrinkage, cracking, and reduced setting time.

Keywords: metallurgical waste, granulated slag, hardening activator, binder, superplasticizer, setting time, spray, strength

In reinforced concrete design standards, the values of concrete strain are taken as average values, whereas the strength characteristics are adopted with a high level of reliability. In the ultimate force method for calculating reinforced concrete structures, the strains of concrete and reinforcement are not directly used in the governing equations. In calculations based on the nonlinear deformation model, the strain values are directly used in the analysis. Using average values of the ultimate strains of concrete reduces the reliability of the obtained results. This study examines the influence of the variability of deformation characteristics of concrete and reinforcement on the load-bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements. It was found that the variability of the deformation characteristics of concrete and reinforcement significantly affects the load-bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements. This influence increases with the reinforcement ratio and depends on the eccentricity of the applied axial force. The reliability and safety of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements decrease significantly when average values of the deformation characteristics of concrete and reinforcement are used in calculations.

Keywords: eccentric compression, reinforced concrete, variability of deformation characteristics, concrete, load-bearing capacity, reinforcement, nonlinear deformation model

This article proposes a systematization of models for integrating university and urban public spaces. Based on an analysis of boundary permeability, functional zoning, and management models, four main types of interaction are identified: full integration, cluster integration, buffer integration, and isolation. Key characteristics, advantages, and risks are identified for each model, providing a practical tool for designing new educational environments that balance openness and academic autonomy. Attention is paid to the analysis of the management of integration processes, including hybrid governance and co-governance models necessary for overcoming institutional barriers. The study demonstrates that the cluster and buffer models are the most balanced and adaptive for contemporary Russian conditions, combining synergy with the urban environment while preserving academic identity.The proposed classification serves as a practical tool for designing campuses that balance openness and academic autonomy and can be used in developing concepts for modern educational environments.

Keywords: public spaces, university campus, urban public spaces, integration models, border permeability.

This article examines the preservation of Kirovsk's historic character in the context of its contemporary development. The factors that influenced the development of cities on the Kola Peninsula in the first half of the 20th century are considered. It provides a brief chronicle of the emergence and development of Kirovsk as one of the key industrial centers of the Murmansk Region. The historical path of formation of urban development in the 1930s - 1950s is analyzed, and its specific features are identified. The current state and protection of Kirovsk's architectural heritage are highlighted, identifying threats to the loss of historic buildings caused by natural physical deterioration and processes leading to the loss of their original appearance. Proposals are presented for the preservation of significant elements of the planning, development and individual buildings that have historical and artistic value.

Keywords: architectural and urban development, architectural and planning structure, constructivism, stalinist neoclassicism, object of cultural heritage, adaptation, conservation, historical appearance of the building

The article discusses the issues of stability of single-layer cylindrical rod roofs and establishes the suitability of the theory of thin solid shells for similar-shaped core structures. An analysis of the factors was carried out to determine the magnitude of the critical load and the need to take into account the parameter characterizing the change in the geometry of the structure along the arc of the circle was proved. The values and ratio of flexural and membrane stiffness are obtained depending on the possible number of half-waves of the shape of the loss of stability, and a pattern for determining the critical load is established.

Keywords: cylindrical rod roofs, stability, critical load, stiffness, number of half-waves

The article presents the compositions and technology of preparation of fine-grained concrete using modifying additives and superplasticizers. It is proposed to use waste from thermal power plants in the form of carbon black as a modifying additive. Depending on the amount of soot, parameters of the mobility of the mixture and indicators of compressive and flexural strength were determined. The optimal consumption of soot waste in the amount of 1.0% of the binder weight was established, at which the maximum parameters of the mobility of the mixture and the strength of fine-grained concrete were obtained. The complex effect of soot waste and super-plasticizer on the change in the physical and mechanical properties of concrete is considered. The combined use of soot and a plasticizing additive in a 1:1 ratio contributed to an increase in the mobility and tensile strength of the hardened fine-grained concrete during compression and flexural stress. The method of electromagnetic activation in a linear induction rotator was used to prepare dry mixtures.

Keywords: fine-grained concretes, soot waste, superplasticizer, electromechanical reinforcement, mobility, strength

The article examines the aspects of using bionics as a basis for adaptive architecture and construction in the conditions of the North Caucasus. Modern architecture is undergoing a shift from static and resource-intensive models to dynamic, intelligent and environmentally oriented systems. This approach is particularly relevant for regions with difficult climatic and landscape conditions, such as the North Caucasus, where traditional construction is often unable to effectively withstand the challenges of sudden temperature fluctuations, seismic activity, strong winds and high insolation. This article substantiates the thesis that the integration of bionics principles into adaptive construction offers not just innovative solutions, but a holistic design philosophy based on centuries of experience in the evolution of natural systems. It is proved that bionics is not an alien concept for the region, but, on the contrary, finds deep parallels in traditional mountain architecture, such as in tower complexes demonstrating organic integration into the landscape and effective thermoregulation, similar to natural prototypes. The paper discusses specific areas of application of bionic principles, including the development of adaptive facades inspired by plant and animal thermoregulation systems, as well as the creation of earthquake-resistant structures similar to the flexible structures of bamboo stems or trees. Special attention is paid to the design methodology that combines the analysis of local conditions, biomimicry methods and the integration of modern digital technologies such as computer modeling and 3D printing to create unique, energy-efficient facilities. The need for synergy between traditional architectural knowledge and innovative technologies is emphasized, which makes it possible to create buildings that not only adapt to the environment, but also reflect the unique cultural identity of the North Caucasus. In conclusion, it is argued that bionics is a logical and promising direction for the architectural development of the region, ensuring the creation of a sustainable, safe and comfortable living environment through harmonization with the natural context.

Keywords: construction, bionics, modern trends, modern design technologies, construction industry, biomimicry, adaptive architecture, North Caucasus

The article explores the experience of adaptive reuse and the redevelopment of the former Vena Plant, located within the “Gray Belt” of St. Petersburg. Using this case study, it analyzes the fundamental principles of industrial site refunctionalization, as well as the strategies employed to preserve architectural heritage while integrating it into a contemporary urban context.

Keywords: adaptive reuse, urban greening, high-quality residential environment, Gray Belt, spirit of place (genius loci), industrial facilities, Vena Plant, residential complex, cultural heritage

This article explores the mutual influence between the phenomenon of pilgrimage and the architecture of sacred structures on the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela, a route that gained paramount importance for European Christians after the Holy Land sites became inaccessible in the Middle Ages. The primary objective is to analyze how the architectural design of churches actively shaped the psychological and spiritual experience of pilgrims. The study employs Richard Sennett's concept of "Mind-Sight" (Умо-Зрение) as its theoretical framework, which posits that spatial perception is formed through movement, tactile sensations, and interaction with the environment, rather than through visual contemplation alone. The research is grounded in the examination of specific case studies along the route, including the churches of Le Puy-en-Velay, Rocamadour, Cahors, Burgos, Oviedo, and the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The authors demonstrate that these churches functioned as multi-level shelters—providing physical protection, ecclesiastical sanctuary, and divine refuge—which directly determined their architectural appearance. Through massive walls, stone vaults, elevated locations, or integration into caves, the architecture evoked feelings of security, reverence, and humility. The study concludes that these structures were not passive backdrops but active participants in the pilgrim's journey, transforming the pilgrimage into a continuous architectural and psychological experience that prepared the traveler for the final encounter with the sacred.

Keywords: the Way of St. James, pilgrimage churches, medieval architecture, Gothic architecture, Romanesque architecture

The article presents numerical modeling of flow dividers (separators) with different hole diameters (3.5 mm, 7.0 mm, 14.0 mm) to prevent cavitation damage. The hole diameters, number, and rows in the separators have equivalent significance, as they determine the distribution of local velocities and pressures in the flow. This minimizes the risk of vapor bubble formation and subsequent collapse, which can lead to erosion of metal surfaces. For clarity, the simulation results are presented in the form of pictures of the distribution of pressure and velocities in each of the separators with different diameters. In order to prevent cavitation, the authors have presented a design of a "short-stroke" valve in which it is allowed to use flow dividers with enlarged holes.

Keywords: valve, cavitation, distribution pattern, separator, holes, rotation, simulation, flow divider

An ensemble of models for predicting the position of a mobile robot moving in an unstructured environment is presented. An architecture has been developed that integrates a kinematic motion model with trainable models utilizing elevation map data and semantic segmentation. The principles for constructing a spatial feature map are described, incorporating geometric characteristics such as the terrain roughness index and a fuzzy traversability index. A modular structure of the following blocks is proposed: data preprocessing, geometric property computation, segmentation, and decision-making. Test results demonstrate the advantage of combining kinematic and sensor-based models for autonomous navigation in complex environments.

Keywords: traversability model, elevation map, point cloud, kinematic model, segmentation, machine learning, feature map

The article is devoted to assessing the influence of possible inhomogeneities in the layers of road pavements on the results of backcalculation of elastic moduli based on testing data of falling weight deflectometres (FWD). The article discusses the influence of different locations of theoretically specified inhomogeneities of structural layers within the roadway. Additionally, the influence of the location of the edge of the pavement on the results of calculating elastic moduli by backcalculation is considered. The conducted numerical experiment confirms that possible inhomogeneities of the road pavement can significantly influence the results of reverse calculations, and as a consequence, the decision-making on the appointment of repair measures. The boundaries are also determined at which the presence of a shoulder with a pavement design that differs from the roadway significantly distorts the results obtained. At the end of the work, ways to practically take into account inhomogeneities and further improve the method of inverse calculation of the elastic moduli of non-rigid road pavements are proposed.

Keywords: dynamic loading system, road pavement,structural layers, deflection bowl, asphalt concrete, elastic modulus, backcalculation, heterogeneity of layers, roadway, roadside

The calculation of wind loads on curtain facades and their fastening elements for high-rise buildings and structures using engineering methods and various numerical techniques remains an important task to this day. The corner sections of the building, where the greatest negative wind pressure occurs, are of particular interest. Incorrect calculation of wind suction can lead to the separation of panels during strong winds. The article calculates the peak wind load using a numerical method for a rectangular building with an aspect ratio of 0.6. Numerical calculations of the two-dimensional flow around the building profile in the ANSYS Fluent program using the k-e Realizable turbulence model were used to obtain the coefficients of drag, lateral force, and the distribution of the pressure coefficient at maximum lateral force. The calculations showed that the wind suction at the edge of the building exceeds the standard value by approximately 30%. The results obtained in the article should be taken into account when designing the facade.

Keywords: peak wind load, wind suction, rectangular buildings, peak negative aerodynamic pressure coefficient

The article examines a functional-dynamic model of implementing intelligent digital platforms and solutions, whose governing role in the development of a macroeconomic system is taken into account using a feedback mechanism. The relevance of the study is demonstrated in the context of active digital transformation of industries. The mathematical form of the model under consideration is a system of nonlinear differential equations of an evolutionary type, similar to dynamic models of the development of biological communities. An analysis of a macrosystem influenced by innovative technologies is carried out. As such a system, a two-sector macrostructure is considered, simulating the impact through the implementation and use of intelligent digital platforms (IDP) of two related industries, which are the transport and logistics and manufacturing sectors. The objective of the work is to study the stable states of such a structure. The model allows for taking into account the influence of investments in IDPs based on the principle of their proportionality to the growth rates of return on assets in these industries. In the work, quantitative estimates of the parameters of the original model are adjusted. An analysis of the macrosystem is carried out under conditions of different development rates of the interacting industries. The stability of the system according to Lyapunov is studied. An asymptotic approximation ‒ a solution to the problem ‒ was constructed using A.B. Vasil’eva's boundary layer decomposition method. The results describe the process of self-organization in a stable model of interaction between two related industries, supported by integrated digital platforms.

Keywords: functional-dynamic model, intelligent digital platforms, two-sector macrostructure, transport and logistics industry, production, sustainability, inter-industry interaction, asymptotic analysis, boundary layer function method

Verification and debugging of algorithms and related software that implements the search for such dangerous phenomena for aircraft flights as wind gusts and turbulence areas can be implemented in radar signal simulators, including using the concept of accessing databases storing test wind fields by coordinate components. The practical value of this approach is to minimize the number of expensive flight tests in difficult weather conditions. After implementing database data interpolation, continuous fields can be obtained, including predicted radar parameters, the processing of which, depending on the changing parameters of the locator: beam width, probe pulse duration, leads to different estimates, including the measured parameters of the movement of air masses. This article describes an approach to simulation modeling that makes it possible, by generating radio signals, the primary source of which are continuous interpolated functions of air mass motion parameters, to obtain either averaged radial velocity values in resolution elements or its standard deviation.  As a result, it allows us to test signal processing algorithms for detecting wind shifts or turbulence in weather navigation radars. The results of verification of the procedure for processing radio signals generated using the proposed approach are presented, confirming the correctness of the formation and detection of simulated fields of turbulent regions.

Keywords: on-board radar, meteorological navigation, simulation, algorithms, parameter estimation

For accurate modeling of the stress-strain state of the lithospheric plate, it is necessary to correctly define boundary conditions that reflect the interaction with the geological environment. The Dirichlet edge problem, in this context, involves setting displacements at the boundary of the calculated region. The problem is that the true displacements at the craton boundary are generally unknown and can change over time under the influence of tectonic processes and load changes.

Keywords: boundary conditions, stress-strain state, mathematical modeling, model, lithospheric plate, finite element method, geotectonics, stretching, compression, computer modeling, asthenosphere

The article discusses the development of an algorithm for automated control and adjustment of technological parameters in the production of asphalt concrete mixtures. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of data on the physical and mechanical properties of mixture components using machine learning methods and statistical analysis. The study includes analysis of existing quality control systems, development of a mathematical model for predicting the properties of the finished mixture, creation of an algorithm for optimizing technological parameters, and conducting experimental studies. The results show the possibility of improving product quality by 15-20% and reducing material consumption by 8-12% when implementing the proposed algorithm. Practical application of the development allows ensuring technological process stability and compliance of the finished product with regulatory requirements.

Keywords: asphalt concrete, pavement quality, data analysis, technological process, components, quality management, modern technologies, and automation

The article presents the development of an analytical hydraulic model of the side branch pipe of a three-way fire branch DN80. The relevance of the work is due to the need for accurate hydraulic calculation of fire water supply systems, the effectiveness of which directly depends on the correct assessment of pressure loss in the fittings. The model is based on the method of element-by-element calculation, which takes into account local hydraulic resistances in areas with a sharp change in the flow geometry. The model includes losses at four bends (three at 45° and one at 90°), a straight-flow valve, and sudden expansion and contraction sections. The contribution of linear head losses, similar to the central branch pipe, was considered insignificant, accounting for only about 6% of the local losses. This confirms the key role of local resistances in determining the overall head loss in this element. The model was verified by comparing the calculated data with the results of experimental studies. It has been established that the discrepancy between the theoretically calculated value of the head loss (6.86 m) and the experimental value (6.97 m) is minimal, with a difference of only 1,6 %, indicating the high accuracy and adequacy of the developed model. The key practical result of the study is the calculation of the total coefficient of local resistances for the lateral branch pipe of the fire branch, which was found to be ζ = 3.4. This value can be directly used for simplified and accurate hydraulic calculations of pump-hose systems with three-way branches.

Keywords: Model, fire three-way junction, hydraulic resistance, head, pressure, flow rate

The article is devoted to the formalization of quality assessment criteria in the framework of the development of an automated quality management system at the stage of design preparation for the production of machine-building products. The main focus of the research is in the development of the terms of reference (TK). The author suggests formal criteria for assessing the quality of TK, aimed at forming comprehensive requirements for the design of the product and the organization of work. The methodology is based on a systematic analysis of domestic and foreign literature, as well as regulatory documents, and the formation of a graduated quantitative scale for each assessment criterion based on them. The key evaluation criteria are highlighted, each of which is assigned characteristics and scoring systems for quantitative analysis and the possibility of subsequent use when creating an automated quality management system at the checkpoint stage. The work contributes to improving the quality and competitiveness of products through a systematic assessment of the initial stage of development and the formation of the correct requirements for innovative products. The research results are focused both on research in scientific peer-reviewed journals of the Russian Federation, and with attention to international experience, which allows combining existing experience in the subject area.

Keywords: design preparation of production, quality assessment, formal criteria, terms of reference

This article explores the migration of the Chuvash Encyclopedia's website from the outdated ASP.NET platform to the modern Laravel framework. It provides a brief history of the regional online scientific reference resource, the reasons for updating its technical base, including security issues, incompatibility with modern browsers, and a lack of technical support. It also analyzes the key stages of its transition to the new Laravel platform. These include a thorough audit of the old encyclopedia website, including URL mapping, the design of a new database architecture on the modern MySQL 8.0 platform, which has been significantly optimized compared to the outdated version, as well as database migration from MSSQL to MySQL 8.0 and database processing using console commands. An example of a developed console command for automatically replacing URLs is provided. The result of this work was the launch of an updated website for the Chuvash Encyclopedia online at http://chuvenc.ru, which meets modern security and performance standards. New solutions were developed to migrate the outdated, yet socially significant, web resource to a modern platform with minimal data and functionality loss.

Keywords: Electronic Chuvash Encyclopedia, website, ASP.NET platform, Laravel framework, database, MySQL, data migration, data processing automation, console commands

The article provides a brief description of the Berezovskaya GRES thermal power plant, a detailed description of the design object, and an analysis of the existing automation systems. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the hazardous production facility requires technical re-equipment, which involves the modernization of the technical devices used at the hazardous production facility. The necessary equipment has been selected for the designed process control system. An architectural solution has been created for the system, ensuring its efficient functioning and high level of reliability. A reliability analysis has been conducted, confirming compliance with regulatory requirements and sufficient uptime.

Keywords: remote monitoring and control, fuel oil management, PLC programming, import substitution, operator's workstation

The main maintenance of a diversification of production as activity of subjects of managing is considered. being shown in purchase of the operating enterprises, the organizations of the new enterprises, redistribution of investments in interests of the organization and development of new production on available floor spaces. The most important organizational economic targets of a diversification of management are presented by innovative activity of the industrial enterprise.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The physical model of the movement of liquids in capillaries proposed by Laplace and the Jurin formula obtained on its basis are in good agreement with the experiment in terrestrial conditions, but they are not applicable in zero gravity conditions. In this paper, it is experimentally shown that the capillary motion of a liquid is not caused by excessive Laplace pressure, but only by the forces of adhesion (Van der Waals forces) and cohesion. It has been experimentally shown that the phenomenon of capillary movement of a liquid over the surface of a solid body upon their contact occurs under normal conditions even in the absence of narrow slits or small-diameter cavities. The authors postulate a new hypothesis of the physical mechanism of the phenomenon of fluid movement on the surface of bodies, including in capillaries.

Keywords: capillary, Laplace overpressure, liquid, adhesion, Van der Waals force, cohesion, meniscus, gravity, electromagnetism, weightlessness

The article is devoted to the assessment of atmospheric air pollution in Rostov-on-Don for the period from 2019 to 2023. The assessment was carried out using a comprehensive indicator of atmospheric pollution for 5 pollutants (suspended solids, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide). The main materials for the work were data obtained from the Environmental Bulletin of the Don and Yearbooks on the state of the atmosphere in cities in Russia. The dynamics of the city's atmospheric pollution over the specified period has been determined, as well as the territorial features of pollution and possible factors contributing to the current situation (the number of green spaces, the presence of enterprises, traffic flows). It has been established that the highest rates of atmospheric pollution are typical for the central part of the city, the most favorable environmental situation is in the east, and the western and northern parts are characterized by average pollution rates. A tendency of increasing atmospheric pollution has been established for the northern, central and western parts of the city, while the eastern part of the city is characterized by a gradual decrease in the content of pollutants in the atmosphere. The result of the work was the compilation of a map-scheme of atmospheric pollution in various parts of Rostov-on-Don.The main factors that determined the current environmental situation include: the volume of traffic load, the proximity of industrial zones and the level of landscaping of the territory.

Keywords: atmospheric air pollution, the state of the atmosphere, content of pollutants, environmental situation, the dynamics of pollution, state of the environment