This paper is devoted to the theoretical analysis and comparative characteristics of methods and algorithms for automatic identity verification based on the dynamic characteristics of a handwritten signature. The processes of collecting and preprocessing dynamic characteristics are considered. An analysis of classical methods, including hidden Markov models, support vector machines, and modern neural network architectures, including recurrent, convolutional, and Siamese neural networks, is conducted. The advantages of using Siamese neural networks in verification tasks under the condition of a small volume of training data are highlighted. Key metrics for assessing the quality of biometric systems are defined. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered methods are summarized, and promising areas of research are outlined.

Keywords: verification, signature, machine learning, dynamic characteristic, hidden Markov models, support vector machine, neural network approach, recurrent neural networks, convolutional neural networks, siamese neural networks, type I error

The principles of biophilic design are becoming a key component of the architectural design of medical facilities due to the well-known psychological impact of natural elements on patients and medical staff. The inclusion of natural elements, such as the use of plants, natural light and shade, colors found in nature, and naturally occurring patterns and curves, in medical facilities has been shown to create a psychologically safe environment that promotes the health and well-being of patients and staff. This article explores the fundamental principles of biophilic design, the scientific evidence supporting its therapeutic effects, and practical examples of its use in healthcare settings to improve psychological health and well-being. This work contributes to the existing body of knowledge on biophilic design by providing an up-to-date review of recent research and real-world applications, including challenges

Keywords: biophilia, biophilic design, sustainable architecture, healthcare architecture, well-being, sustainability, biophilic architecture

The practice of producing optical interference coatings shows that when using new thin-film materials, obtaining optical products with specified quality function requirements depends on the accuracy of their refractive index. The results of its evaluation on large frequency crystals differ, which does not allow narrowband filters with the required technical parameters. This article proposes an approach to estimating the parameters of the refractive index of a thin film based on solving the inverse synthesis problem, which is based on the experimental determination of the thickness of sprayed films using an X-ray fluorescence coating thickness analyzer and data on the reflection coefficient spectrum obtained using a broadband spectrophotometer. The numerical modeling carried out during the study showed that even if there are 5% tolerances for estimating the thickness of coatings, a fairly accurate determination of the refractive index can be expected. The correctness of the results of using this approach was verified by using a thin film with a known refractive index, which was also determined using the proposed method of numerical modeling of the reflection spectrum of the digital twin coating.

Keywords: interference coating, numerical modeling, reflection coefficient spectrum

The article forms the task of hierarchical classification of texts, describes approaches to hierarchical classification and metrics for evaluating their work, examines in detail the local approach to hierarchical classification, describes different approaches to local hierarchical classification, conducts a series of experiments on training local hierarchical classifiers with various vectorization methods, compares the results of evaluating the work of trained classifiers.

Keywords: classification, hierarchical classification, local classification, hierarchical presicion, hierarchical recall, hierarchical F-measure, natural language processing, vectorization

Разработан алгоритм и составлена программа на языке программирования Python для расчета численных значений оптимального оператора фильтрации с запаздыванием для L-марковского процесса с квазирациональной спектральной плотностью, являющегося обобщением марковского процесса с рациональным спектром. В основе построения оптимального оператора фильтрации с запаздыванием лежит спектральная теория случайных процессов. Расчетная формула оператора фильтрации была получена с использованием теории L-марковских процессов, методов вычисления стохастических интегралов, теории функций комплексного переменного и методов тригонометрической регрессии. Рассмотрен интересный с точки зрения управления сложными стохастическими системами пример L-марковского процесса (сигнала) с квазирациональным спектром. За основу при построении математической модели оптимального оператора фильтрации с запаздыванием была взята тригонометрическая модель. Показано, что значения оператора фильтрации с запаздыванием представляются линейной комбинацией значений принимаемого сигнала в определенные моменты времени и значений синусоидальных и косинусоидальных функций в те же моменты. Установлено, что числовые значения оператора фильтрации существенно зависят от параметра β совместной спектральной плотности принимаемого и передаваемого сигналов, в связи с чем в работе рассматривались три разные задачи прохождения сигнала через разные физические среды. Установлено, что абсолютная величина действительной части оператора фильтрации на всех трех интервалах изменения срока запаздывания и во всех трех средах превышает абсолютную величину мнимой части в среднем в два и более раз. Построены графики зависимости действительных и мнимых частей оператора фильтрации от срока запаздывания τ, а также трехмерные графики зависимости самого оператора фильтрации с запаздыванием от срока запаздывания. Дано физическое обоснование полученным результатам.

Keywords: random process, L-Markov process, noise, delayed filtering, spectral characteristic, filtering operator, trigonometric trend, standardized approximation error

A mathematical model has been constructed, an algorithm has been developed, and a program has been written in the Python programming language for calculating the numerical values of the optimal filtering operator with a forecast for an L-Markov process with a quasi-rational spectrum. The probabilistic model of the filtering operator formula has been obtained based on the spectral analysis of L-Markov processes using methods for calculating stochastic integrals, the theory of analytical functions of a complex variable, and methods for correlation and regression analysis. Considered an example of L-Markov process, the values of the optimal filtering operator with a forecast for which it was possible to express in the form of a linear combination of the values of the process at some moments of time and the sum of numerical values of cosines and sines at the same moments. The basis for obtaining the numerical values of the filtering operator was the mathematical model of trigonometric regression with 16 harmonics, which best approximates the process under study and has a minimum

Keywords: random process, L-Markov process, prediction filtering, spectral characteristics, filtering operator

The article describes the process of developing a volumetric display for information and communication interaction in the Arctic, where traditional means of visualization and communication face the challenges of extreme climate, isolation and limited infrastructure. An analysis of the main areas of using volumetric in the Arctic zone is carried out. The main disadvantages of methods for creating a volumetric image in existing 3D displays are considered. Taking into account the main tasks to be solved - creating the illusion of a three-dimensional object for a group of people (more than 2 people) at a wide viewing angle - a description and analysis of two main developed configurations of the optical system is given, the latter of which meets the requirements, ensuring stable operation in Arctic conditions and opening up prospects for implementation in remote and hard-to-reach regions of the Far North.

Keywords: volume display, arctic zone, 3D image, system analysis, lens, optical system, computer modeling

The paper considers the synthesis of a non-stationary automatic control system for braking the wheels of a heavy vehicle using the generalized Galerkin method. The research method under consideration is used to solve the problem of synthesizing a non-stationary system whose desired program motion is specified at the output of a nonlinear element. The paper presents the results of studying the impact of non-stationarity on the parameters of the fixed part of the system (object) on the deterioration of the quality of the transient process. For critical operating conditions, the parameters of the controller were recalculated, and the results of accounting for non-stationarity and re-synthesis were evaluated.

Keywords: automatic control system, regulator, braking system, unsteadiness of parameters, generalized Galerkin method

The article proposes the development of a mathematical model that includes an integrated approach to modeling the interaction of surfaces, taking into account the geometric features of the groove. An important aspect of the novelty of the work is its validation based on experimental data. To describe the movement of the lubricant in the working gap, a model is used that describes the movement of a truly viscous lubricant, including the continuity equation. The calculations and experiments performed have confirmed the adequacy of the proposed model, which indicates the possibility of its practical application for engineering analysis and design. The results of this work made it possible to improve the understanding of the mechanism of movement of the lubricant in radial sliding bearings having a polymer coating with an axial groove on the shaft surface. Studies have also shown that the presence of a groove on the shaft surface affects the pressure distribution, which, in turn, affects the tribotechnical parameters of the bearing. The introduction of the groove helps to distribute the lubricant more efficiently over the working gap, increase the bearing capacity of the bearing, reduce the coefficient of friction and reduce wear on the contact surfaces.

Keywords: radial bearing, wear resistance assessment, antifriction polymer coating, groove, hydrodynamic mode, verification

The article considers the parameter identification issues of linear non-stationary dynamic systems adaptive models using the example of a linearized adjustable model of a DC motor with independent excitation. A new method for estimating the parameters of adjustable models from a small number of observations is developed based on projection identification and the apparatus of linear algebra and analytical geometry. To evaluate the developed identification method, a comparison of the transient processes of the adaptive model of a DC motor with independent excitation with the obtained parameter estimates with reference characteristics was carried out. The efficiency of the proposed identification method in problems of DC electric drive control is shown.

Keywords: DC motor, projection identification, dynamic system parameter estimation, adaptive model of non-stationary dynamic system

Analysis of a digital data transmission system through a noisy communication channel based on the Huffman compression method and encoding using cyclic Bose-Chowdhury-Hockingham codes This article examines the effectiveness of a digital data transmission system through a noisy communication channel using the Huffman compression method and cyclic BCH encoding (Bose-Chowdhury-Hockingham). Huffman compression reduces data redundancy, which increases the effective transmission rate, while BCH codes detect and correct errors caused by channel noise. The analysis likely includes evaluating parameters such as compression ratio, data transmission rate, error probability after decoding, and computational complexity of the algorithms. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this combination of techniques in improving data transmission reliability in noisy environments.

Keywords: digital transmission system, cyclic coding, compression ratio, decoding, encoding

This article examines the growing threat of web scraping (parsing) as a form of automated cyberattack, particularly aimed. Although scraping publicly available data is often legal, its misuse can lead to serious consequences, including server overload, data breaches and intellectual property infringement. Recent court cases against OpenAI and ChatGPT highlight the legal uncertainty associated with unauthorized data collection.
The study presents a dual approach to combat malicious scraping. Traffic Classification Model - a machine learning based solution using Random Forest algorithms results in performance that achieves 89% accuracy in distinguishing between legitimate and malicious bot traffic, enabling early detection of scraping attempts. Data Deception Technique - the countermeasure dynamically modifies HTML content to convey false information to scrapers while maintaining the original look of the page. This technique prevents data collection without affecting the user experience.
Performance results include real-time traffic monitoring, dynamic page obfuscation, and automatic response systems.
The proposed system demonstrates effectiveness in mitigating the risks associated with scraping and emphasizes the need for adaptive cybersecurity measures in evolving digital technologies.

 

Keywords: parsing, automated attacks, data protection, bot detection, traffic classification, machine learning, attack analysis, data spoofing, web security

The paper considers the effect of particle size on the dynamics of suspended sediments in a riverbed. The EcoGIS-Simulation computing complex is used to simulate the joint dynamics of surface waters and sediments in the Volga River model below the Volga hydroelectric dam. The most important factor in the variability of the riverbed is the spring releases of water from the Volgograd reservoir, when water consumption increases fivefold. Some integral and local characteristics of the riverbed are calculated depending on the particle size coefficient.

Keywords: suspended sediment, soil particle size, sediment dynamics, diffusion, bottom sediments, channel morphology, relief, particle gravitational settling velocity, EcoGIS-Simulation software and hardware complex, Wexler formula, water flow

The article examines the influence of the data processing direction on the results of the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Based on the theory of groups, the symmetries of the basic functions of the DCT are considered, and the changes that occur when the direction of signal processing is changed are analyzed. It is shown that the antisymmetric components of the basis change sign in the reverse order of counts, while the symmetric ones remain unchanged. Modified expressions for block PREP are proposed, taking into account the change in the processing direction. The invariance of the frequency composition of the transform to the data processing direction has been experimentally confirmed. The results demonstrate the possibility of applying the proposed approach to the analysis of arbitrary signals, including image processing and data compression.

Keywords: discrete transforms, basic functions, invariance, symmetry, processing direction, matrix representation, correlation

Modern engineering equipment operation necessitates solving optimal control problems based on measurement data from numerous physical and technological process parameters. The analysis of multidimensional data arrays for their approximation with analytical dependencies represents both current and practically significant challenges. Existing software solutions demonstrate limitations when working with multidimensional data or provide only fixed sets of basis functions.
Objectives. The aim of this study is to develop software for multidimensional regression based on the least squares method and a library of constructible basis functions, enabling users to create and utilize diverse basis functions for approximating multidimensional data.
Methods. The development employs a generalized least squares method model with loss function minimization in the form of a multidimensional elliptical paraboloid. LASSO (L1), ridge regression (L2), and Elastic Net regularization mechanisms enhance model generalization and numerical stability. A precomputation strategy reduces asymptotic complexity from O(b²·N·f·log₂(p)) to O(b·N·(b+f·log₂(p))). The software architecture includes recursive algorithms for basis function generation, WebAssembly for computationally intensive operations, and modern web technologies including Vue3, TypeScript, and visualization libraries.
Results. The developed web application provides efficient approximation of multidimensional data with 2D and 3D visualization capabilities. Quality assessment employs MSE, R², and AIC metrics. The software supports XLSX data loading and intuitive basis function construction through a user-friendly interface.
Conclusion. The practical value lies in creating a publicly accessible tool at https://datapprox.com for analyzing and modeling complex multidimensional dependencies without requiring additional software installation.

Keywords: approximation, least squares method, basic functions, multidimensional regression, L1/L2 regularization, web-based