The relevance of the study is due to the fact that: firstly, the proposed topic is in line with the Government-approved "Strategy for the development of the construction industry and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with a forecast up to 2035" dated October 31, 2022, which assumes an increase in the share of industrial housing construction, including panel construction; secondlySecondly, the existing methods for calculating the joints of panel buildings have come down to us almost unchanged from the level of development of construction science and engineering in the 1980s. of the last century, which leads to increased material costs and rising real estate prices, therefore, the current trend in the development of the construction industry requires the improvement of these techniques. Modern approaches to nonlinear modeling and calculation of reinforced concrete will allow, in relation to panel joints, to reveal the reserves of their bearing capacity and obtain a more rational design, which will reduce the cost of constructing the buildings in question as a whole. PURPOSE. To carry out a comparative analysis of existing methods for calculating panel joints in two groups of limit states, to identify their advantages and disadvantages. Identify ways to improve them. METHODS used in the course of the research: theoretical methods – chronological, formalization, classification, analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison. RESULTS. The analysis of existing methods of foreign and domestic design standards, as well as various author's methods, showed that: 1) foreign and domestic standards are based on the limit state method; 2) the nonlinear deformation model is not used in the calculation of joints of reinforced concrete panels; 3) to obtain a more accurate VAT of reinforced concrete panel joints, it is necessary to process a large amount of data using computer technology. CONCLUSION. The analysis shows that the use of computer software systems is the most promising method for calculating building structures, allowing fast and accurate calculations, reducing the cost of construction.

Keywords: large-panel construction, reinforced concrete, panel joint, joint calculation, joint classification, platform joint, deformation model, limiting forces, computer modeling, finite element

The paper analyzes the influence of damage to the protective layer of concrete of the zone of maximum bending moments of single-span beams on the load-bearing capacity of the structure and the possibility of restoring the initial load-bearing capacity. The study is based on laboratory research and numerical experiment, as well as on the analysis of earlier tests and accumulated experience in the restoration of structures. As a result, conclusions are drawn about the effect of concrete protective layer failure on the load-bearing capacity of bending structures, and recommendations are given for further research into the calculation and design of these systems.

Keywords: damage of concrete protective layer, corrosion of reinforcement, restoration, reinforcement

This article explores the architectural and engineering significance of surfaces of the second order, with a particular focus on the one-sheet hyperboloid of revolution. The study begins with a historical overview of architectural forms, highlighting the evolution from primitive shelters to complex spatial structures. Mathematical foundations are introduced through quadratic equations, illustrating the formation of second-order surfaces such as the elliptic paraboloid and hyperboloid. Special attention is given to the structural properties of the one-sheet hyperboloid, a doubly ruled surface that enables construction using straight beams, despite its curved geometry. Its advantages—strength, wind resistance, and material efficiency—are discussed, along with typical assembly methods such as segment welding and overlapping connections. The article further examines the iconic Shukhov Tower in Moscow, a pioneering example of hyperboloid design. It outlines the construction methodology, including the telescopic assembly process and challenges such as structural fatigue and support failure. The analysis demonstrates how Vladimir Shukhov’s innovations contributed to global architectural and engineering practices. Finally, the article emphasizes the hyperboloid’s relevance in modern construction and research, illustrating its blend of geometric rationality, aesthetic expressiveness, and structural efficiency. This synthesis of art and science continues to inspire both professionals and the public, highlighting the enduring value of advanced geometric principles in architecture.

Keywords: hyperboloid, quadratic surface, hyperboloid of revolution, engineering structure, architectural form, Shukhov Tower, steel structure, spatial lattice, structural technology, lattice shell

The article examines architectural approaches to the design of temporary museums and exhibition pavilions. Particular attention is paid to the concept of modularity as a tool for spatial adaptation and rapid installation, as well as mobility as a strategy for expanding cultural presence beyond stationary institutions. Historical and contemporary examples are analyzed, including so-called pop-up museums, container galleries, and disassemblable exhibition modules. The role of innovative materials, digital design, and transport logistics in the formation of a flexible architectural environment is emphasized. The article reveals the potential of temporary exhibition structures as a tool for social inclusion, urban renewal and cultural decentralization. Special attention is paid to Russian and international experience. The modular museum is presented as a type of architecture sensitive to time, place and cultural context.

Keywords: museum, exhibition complex, architecture, modularity, mobility, flexibility, adaptability, design, construction

Evaluation of the strength characteristics of concrete is an important criterion for the quality of building structures when examining the engineering and technical condition of buildings with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame. The main controlled indicator when assessing strength is the class of concrete by compressive strength, determined in accordance with GOST 18105-2018 by statistical processing of test results by destructive or non-destructive methods. The article assesses the methods used to control the strength of concrete in buildings under construction or in operation, provides the main requirements for the tests carried out, gives examples of the necessary equipment, and presents the most rational algorithm for assessing strength. The research materials will be useful for specialists in the field of construction and researchers dealing with issues of the quality of building materials.

Keywords: non-destructive testing, concrete compressive strength, concrete testing, concrete class, calibration dependence, monolithic structures

The article describes the features of using a two-layer membrane with the use of injection control fittings in the installation of underground waterproofing. The circumstances preventing the mass application of this technology have been identified, the main part of which is related to the increase in the cost of work at the initial stage. However, the use of the technology is justified because it allows you to localize the location and period of leakage, has increased maintainability and durability.

Keywords: waterproofing, modern waterproofing technologies, double-layer membrane, injection control fittings

This paper provides an analysis of the main problems encountered during the installation of bitumen-polymer roofing materials. Special attention is paid to typical defects and errors related to insufficient qualifications, as well as problems related to violations of installation technology.

Keywords: bitumen-polymer roofing, installation of a surfaced roof, waterproofing defect, quality management, recommendations for improvement

The article examines the key climatic and operational factors that determine the duration of safe operation of ice winter shelters in the northern regions of Russia. Based on the analysis of the temperature regime, precipitation and dynamic loads from transport, patterns of changes in the strength and deformation of the ice cover have been identified. Practical recommendations on monitoring, ice reinforcement and load management have been developed to extend the service life of crossings and minimize risks.

Keywords: regime, dynamic loads, snow cover, hydrological factors, crossing safety, ice monitoring

Adhesive joints of reinforcing rods and wood are the weakest point in reinforced wooden structures, since they have low shear resistance of the reinforcing rod and contribute to the development of plastic deformations of wooden elements. To achieve elastic operation and increase adhesion to the rods, a reinforced adhesive compound with the inclusion of quartz sand is used. This article examines the operation of a reinforced adhesive joint with various types of core fittings – steel periodic profile, smooth steel and fiberglass. The work of the adhesive joint in solid and glued wood was also recognized as an important factor for the operation of the reinforced adhesive composition. Experimental studies are confirmed by graphs and tables of numerical results, which allows us to establish the reliability of the results obtained and conclude that it is necessary to improve certain methods of manufacturing reinforced wooden structures.

Keywords: rebar, reinforcing bar, reinforced wooden structure, pulling out, wooden structure, wood, glue, adhesive joint, strength, epoxy resin

Fiberglass core reinforcement could find its application in wooden structures due to a number of specific practical advantages not inherent in steel rods or other types of reinforcement. However, due to the weak adhesive properties of the surface of fiberglass rods, their full-fledged joint work with wood as a single body is not observed. The study suggests some ways to increase the strength of the adhesive joint of fiberglass reinforcement and wood, such as applying quartz sand to the surface of the rods, grinding the surface of the rods, as well as adding sand-resin casting molds to the adhesive composition. Tests of each of these methods were carried out and the results obtained were compared with the initial model of the adhesive joint, as well as with the calculated model of the adhesive joint in order to determine the most effective method.

Keywords: adhesion, reinforcing rod, pulling out, wood, adhesive joint, adhesive composition, bearing capacity, strength, fiberglass rod, epoxy glue

The paper investigates the formation and propagation of flexural cracks in beams made of ultra-high performance steel fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). A comprehensive series of laboratory tests was carried out on seventeen beams of rectangular and T-shaped cross-sections, varying in longitudinal reinforcement ratios, fiber volume contents, and fiber types (straight and wave-shaped). The results demonstrate that the inclusion of steel fibers significantly enhances the crack resistance of the beams, promotes a more uniform crack distribution, and improves their load-bearing capacity. In under-reinforced UHPFRC beams, failure typically occurs due to fiber pull-out localized within one or more dominant cracks. Prior to the onset of deformation localization in the tensile zone – which coincides with the yielding of the longitudinal reinforcement – the crack widths in fiber-reinforced specimens remain below 0.25 mm. This behavior ensures that even under service-level loads (65–70% of ultimate), the crack openings stay within the allowable design limits (0.3–0.4 mm). The experimental findings contribute to a better understanding of the cracking mechanisms in UHPFRC beams and provide a valuable foundation for refining numerical models and optimizing design approaches for flexural members made of advanced high-performance cementitious composites.

Keywords: ultra-high performance concrete, beams, bending moment, steel fibers, flexural cracks

The article presents the results of laboratory testing of a precast lintel made of D600 aerated concrete blocks fastened together using assembly adhesive for laying aerated concrete blocks and three reinforcing bars, two bars in the lower zone with a diameter of 20 mm A400 and one bar in the upper zone with a diameter of 16 mm A400. When testing the beam lintel, 3 loading schemes were assembled, each of which was a beam hinged on concrete supports. The obtained data were analyzed. Based on the test results, destructive loads, the nature of destruction were determined and the resulting deformations were assessed. The nature of destruction is similar to that of reinforced concrete beam structures with insufficient transverse reinforcement; destruction in all tested prototypes occurs in the support zone along inclined sections. The bearing capacity of aerated concrete lintels made of piece material is sufficient for use in construction practice.

Keywords: testing, bearing capacity, reliability, deformability, gas blocks, lintels, destruction

As a result of changes in regulatory documents on acceptance of residential premises, there is a need to develop illustrative methodological materials that would allow the future owner to independently, i.e. without the involvement of an external qualified specialist, to perform the acceptance of the apartment, pointing out to the representative of the developer involved in the acceptance of significant construction defects. The purpose of the study is to determine the structure of construction defects in residential premises and to identify the most common defects in this structure, which will allow the future owner to independently perform the acceptance of the apartment. In the article, based on the analysis of a significant number of claims from apartment owners to the builder and the results of the authors' research in the scope of forensic examinations and pre-trial construction-technical investigations, the structure of construction defects, which are massively identified in the process of acceptance of apartments, is defined and presented. The groups of defects that are most frequently encountered in practice are presented. To ensure the clarity of practical use of the obtained analytical materials, a list of mass construction defects identified in the process of acceptance of residential premises, indicating their category necessary for making a decision on the mandatory elimination of defects is defined.

Keywords: acceptance of apartments, construction defects, structure, defect groups, construction defect, substantial defect, non-substantial defect, building and technical expertise, translucent construction, engineering networks, finishing of premises

This article examines several key aspects related to the impact of high-rise buildings on human health and psychological state. First of all, the impact of high-rise buildings on mental health is analyzed, paying special attention to problems such as depression, anxiety and stress that can arise as a result of living in multi-storey buildings. We explore the social aspects of living in such conditions and the impact of architectural design on the quality of life. In addition, we would like to draw attention to the health problems of residents of high-rise buildings, including physical illnesses that can occur as a result of lack of natural light, poor ventilation and other factors associated with high-rise buildings. An important part will also be the discussion of possible solutions to improve the quality of life in multi-storey buildings.

Keywords: megapolis, high-rise buildings, high-rise buildings, building density, architectural design, emotional state, health, comfortable environment, quality of life.

A brief list of problems in the operational reliability of multilayer energy-saving walls is given, and the thesis is formulated that single-layer or equal-permeability multilayer walls may have better operational properties. Information about the equipment and technology for producing foam concrete mixtures using a one-stage method is provided. It is shown that the introduction of a fibrous filler instead of some of the sand significantly accelerates the phase transition of the mixtures from a viscous state to an elastic state and has a positive effect on the operational properties of the hardened foam concrete. The list of the material's investigated performance properties includes experimentally obtained indicators of sorption properties, equilibrium moisture content, thermal conductivity, and frost resistance of thermal insulation and structural-thermal insulation foam concrete containing different amounts of fibers of different lengths.

Keywords: foam concrete mixture, foam concrete, plastic strength, fiber, sorption properties, equilibrium moisture content, thermal conductivity, frost resistance

The article defines the prerequisites and criteria for constructing rational shapes of cylindrical mesh shells. The correlations of geometric parameters, taking into account the overall dimensions in the arc direction, are revealed. The required number of nodal connections is installed at the attachment points along the contour and in the middle zone. The main provisions on the creation of geometric schemes for the formation of structures are formed and possible options for assigning dimensions are considered. The expediency of using identical cells in the framework of constructing a regular mesh surface structure is substantiated. The sequence of calculation of the parameters determining the shape of the structure has been developed.

Keywords: cylindrical shells, mesh structures, rotation surfaces, shaping, parameters, ratios

In the article, as part of the study of the stability of circular spatial structures, the parameters of the critical state of cylindrical mesh shells are determined. The features of using a solid analog are analyzed and a dependence is obtained to determine the magnitude of the critical load. The influence of geometric parameters on the degree of vulnerability and the danger of curvature of the mesh surface has been established. A rational span value is found for a fixed length and a given radius of curvature. A computer simulation using square cells was carried out and possible forms of loss of stability of the shells were determined. An acceptable similarity has been obtained between the calculation results of solid and mesh surfaces.

Keywords: cylindrical mesh shells, structural shape, surfaces, parameters, ratios

The article presents the results of comparing numerical modeling of wooden structures with laboratory and full-scale tests. In the course of the work, numerical models of the material were created in the Ansys Workbench software package from volumetric finite elements with a variant set of physico-mechanical parameters simulating the behavior of real wood. The simulation parameters were based on the laboratory testing results of a solid wood beam. The simulation results were compared with the full-scale test results of a composite wood slab. Modeling of constructions was carried out in the form of linear, bilinear and multilinear models.

Keywords: solid wood beam, composite wood slab, bilinear finite element model, multilinear finite element model, stress-strain state

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the choice of the calculation scheme on the accuracy of the engineering assessment of the behavior of monolithic reinforced concrete frame structures. Various types of models are considered: rod, plate and volumetric, taking into account both linear and physical nonlinearity. It is emphasized that the adequacy of accounting for the spatial interaction of elements, the reliability of the assessment of forces and stresses, as well as the possibility of optimizing design solutions, especially under seismic and wind loads, depend on the correctness of the adopted calculation scheme. As part of the study, a single-span reinforced concrete frame was modeled, the load on which varied from 5 to 55 kN. A comparison of the calculated results with experimental data was carried out. It is shown that models that take into account physical nonlinearity and use more detailed modeling (for example, volumetric finite elements) provide the greatest accuracy in predicting deflections and stresses in the structure. The obtained results confirm the necessity of a careful approach to the choice of the calculation scheme in design, especially in the design of high-rise buildings and structures in seismically dangerous areas. Recommendations are made on the rational use of models of different levels of detail in engineering practice.

Keywords: linear calculation, nonlinear calculation, frames, reinforced concrete, deflections, modeling

The article considers the issues of increasing road safety in urban development in winter. The causes of snow and ice deposits and their impact on the comfort and safety of traffic, including pedestrians, are considered. A review of modern snow melting and road surface heating systems is provided, with the most effective examples of road surface heating projects being given. A comparative analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of road surface heating systems is performed, using a 1000 m2 car park as an example. Recommendations are given for the use of road surface heating systems.

Keywords: highways, hydrothermal systems, electrical systems, road surface heating

The article presents the results of static and dynamic calculations of a 14-storey administrative building with two underground floors. The building is located in the city of Sochi. The seismicity of the construction area is 9 points. As a result of calculations under seismic influence, characteristic isofields of movements of the building system in different directions, stress isofields in load-bearing monolithic reinforced concrete floors, and force plots in core elements were obtained. According to the results of the verification calculations of the load-bearing reinforced concrete structures of the building frame, it was revealed that the strength of the individual columns of the underground floors of the building is not ensured. Options for reinforcing columns using various options are presented: classic reinforced concrete cage, metal cage, pasting with composite tapes, steel-reinforced concrete cage. As a result of comparing all reinforcement options, the most optimal reinforcement option was adopted from the point of view of technology, economic feasibility and strength parameters.

Keywords: steel-fiber concrete, seismic, strength, reinforcement, dynamic calculation, cage, column, building, composite, comparison

A comparative study of three reinforcement options for reinforced concrete beams has been carried out: without reinforcement, with reinforcement with carbon tape both along the entire span length, and with partial reinforcement of the span zone with an end mechanical anchoring with carbon bundles. Numerical modeling has been performed, diagrams of bending moments and force distribution have been constructed, and the coefficients of the safety margin of the construction system have been estimated. The effectiveness of the schemes is substantiated in terms of strength, taking into account manufacturability and material consumption. It is shown that the use of mechanical anchoring with harnesses increases the reliability of the system while reducing material consumption.

Keywords: anchor harness, carbon fiber, load-bearing capacity, structural reinforcement, composite material

The article considers issues related to the development of the territories of the Far North and the Arctic, namely, issues of ensuring transport accessibility of the northern regions. The issues of relevance and demand for the construction of winter roads and ice crossings are considered. The features of the construction and operation of winter roads are studied. The main methods of strengthening and extending the service life of winter roads are considered and analyzed. Options for strengthening winter roads and ice crossings with geosynthetic materials are proposed and substantiated. Recommendations are given to reduce the environmental impact of measures to strengthen winter roads on the environment.

Keywords: winter roads, ice crossings, ice coverings, strengthening, reinforcement

During long-term operation of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures under the influence of various loads and impacts, destructive changes occur, which lead to a decrease in the bearing capacity and serviceability, and, as a consequence, to the need to use structural reinforcement. In compressed elements, as is known, concrete destruction occurs due to reaching tensile stresses in the transverse direction of the strength limit. In this case, one of the effective methods for strengthening such structures is the creation of transverse ferrules from composite materials. At the same time, the studies show relatively low stresses in the elements of composite reinforcement when the structure reaches destruction. The current task of this study is to study the effect of prestressing elements made of carbon composite materials on changing the physical and mechanical properties of concrete under compression. The technology of creating prestressing is considered and the results of testing experimental concrete samples are presented. It was found that reinforcing elements with prestressed ferrules increases the strength of concrete by more than 2 times.

Keywords: concrete, reinforced concrete, compressed elements, reinforcement, composite materials, pre-compression, strength, deformability

Modern approaches to fire safety in modular buildings are analyzed. The features of these structures from the point of view of fire safety, innovative materials and technologies, regulatory requirements and successful examples of fire prevention measures have been studied. The importance of introducing advanced solutions to improve safety in the rapidly developing field of modular construction was emphasized.

Keywords: technology, module, fire hazard, fire safety, construction, material, requirements, risk, construction, implementation