The article discusses the current threats posed by unmanned aerial vehicles and their impact on the development of the legal and regulatory framework for construction safety in Russia. Based on an analysis of regulatory documents, the article explores the phenomenon of law substitution and the obsolescence of the legal and regulatory framework for construction safety. The author proposes an initial approach to addressing these issues by modernizing the legal framework for building and structure safety. To achieve this, the author has formulated new concepts that are recommended for inclusion in the key law and that lay the foundation for a new institution of unmanned (anti-drone) security in the construction industry.

Keywords: regulatory legal act, regulatory technical act, law replacement, unmanned aerial vehicle, threat of an unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned anti-drone security, unmanned danger

The article provides an overview of the most pressing issues arising from the widespread use of LED lamps in buildings and structures. This work is a precursor to a series of articles devoted to research in this field. The features of operation of electric lamps currently used in lighting systems are considered. The influence of lighting quality on human health and the effect of lamps on the electrical network is shown. The radiation spectra of lamps and their key difference from the natural solar spectrum are considered. The article presents the influence of the nature of the nonlinearity of the load of electric lamps on the quality of the power supply network and its individual components. The characteristic of the service life of energy-saving lamps is given.

Keywords: lighting, fixtures, lamps, lighting spectrum, nonlinear load, harmonic distortion, duration of operation, LED

The article examines the effect of fine dust on the health of those involved in the gym. The factors characterizing dust are investigated depending on the ranges of breathing height of the participants. A series of measurements is carried out in the gym and further examination using a microscope and a personal computer. The results of the dispersed composition of dust are obtained. The dependence of the diameter of the dust particles on the height has been revealed.

Keywords: fine dust, working area, dispersed composition, aerodynamic characteristics, particle diameter, sports hall

The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental and economic efficiency of using hydrogen-natural gas mixtures in existing fuel systems. The work is based on a stoichiometric calculation of emissions and a comparative cost analysis. It was found that the linear relationship between the hydrogen content and CO₂ emission reduction allows for a 30% reduction for a mixture containing 30% vol. H₂. Water vapor emissions are also reduced by 15%, which is explained by the difference in the combustion stoichiometry of methane and hydrogen. The article substantiates the economic feasibility of this technology when using inexpensive hydrogen produced locally, for example, through waste recycling.

Keywords: gas, natural gas, hydrogen, greenhouse gases, gas mixture, carbon dioxide

This article presents a study of biosorption wastewater treatment. Water treatment sludge, a waste product from thermal power plants, is used for treatment. The introduction of sludge allows for more efficient biological wastewater treatment, as evidenced by reduced COD, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, and phosphate values. Improved sedimentation properties of activated sludge and a beneficial effect of sludge on the detoxification process are demonstrated.

Keywords: biosorption, energy waste, activated sludge, wastewater treatment, quality indicators, sedimentation properties, detoxification

The article analyzes a number of factors influencing and shaping modern trends in the development of green construction, assesses the reasons accelerating and inhibiting the current growth of "green" construction in Russia and the world, and lists the main advantages of green construction projects in comparison with traditional construction.

Keywords: green building, ecology, energy efficiency, "green" building materials, natural and climatic conditions, green houses

This article analyzes the specifics of applying certain circular economy principles in the construction industry. It examines the generation and management of construction waste. The main sources and types of construction waste are identified, including their classification by hazard level. It is determined that, due to its scale and the diversity of materials consumed, the construction industry has the greatest potential for waste utilization.

Keywords: construction industry; сlosed-loop economy; construction waste, waste recycling, waste disposal; circular economy

The article discusses the issues of a comprehensive approach in architectural design and construction to ensure the energy efficiency of buildings, the production of environmentally friendly building materials, taking into account the climate of the construction area, as well as economic aspects. The environmental safety of the thermal insulation materials used in the design is of fundamental importance for people's comfort and health. The article discusses the selection of environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials for "green" construction and the possibility of creating a closed-loop economy. The technical and environmental characteristics of thermal insulation materials are analyzed, and modern environmentally friendly materials that can be used in the design and construction of buildings and structures are listed. The key factors that determine the economic efficiency of buildings are listed.

Keywords: energy efficiency, environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials, environmental safety, green construction, and a circular economy

A comparative assessment of the contamination level and ecological risk of landfill-derived soil-like material was carried out using results of quantitative chemical analysis and biotesting on two test organisms: Daphnia magna and Scenedesmus quadricauda. It was shown that estimating the contamination level of soil-like material using the Zc index leads to overestimated results. The assessment of soil-like material quality through biotesting revealed low and moderate toxicity. Soil-like material exhibiting low toxicity can be utilized for the production of recultivation soil, whereas material with moderate toxicity must undergo mandatory detoxification prior to use. It was established that Cu and Zn contribute the most to the material's toxicity, which is explained by the high sensitivity of the test organisms. It was determined that heavy metals account for a significant portion of the observed toxicity variation, but not all of it. Biotesting is thus a necessary and effective tool for decision-making regarding the utilization of soil-like material.

Keywords: landfill, soil-like material, biotesting, toxicity, pollution level

The study examined two broad areas—ecology and socioeconomics— including the assessment and management of environmental and social risks, determining resource efficiency and pollution prevention, and analyzing factors for sustainable natural resource management. The authors conducted a study of activities that had a negative impact on the environment and local population during project implementation. These activities were examined across the three main phases of project implementation: construction, operation, and liquidation. The results were used to determine factors and categories of impact on the economy and employment, the safety and well-being of the local population, social tensions, land ownership and land use.

Keywords: pollution prevention, environmental risks, project implementation phases, environmental protection, emergency response plan, negative impact factors, social tension, environmental factor monitoring, physical stability criteria

The article is devoted to the design of local treatment facilities in the city of Borovsk, Kaluga Region. Treatment facilities play an important role in the modern world. They are necessary for processing wastewater so that it becomes safe for the environment and can be discharged into water bodies or drainage networks. Since the discharge of untreated water can cause irreparable harm to the ecosystem, it is important to provide treatment facilities in the sewerage system of the settlement. The article considers the tasks and importance of treatment systems, their role in the life of modern cities, and also presents in detail the step-by-step organization of work on the device of local treatment systems and their subsequent commissioning

Keywords: wastewater treatment plants, ecosystem, water disposal, wastewater, modular structures

The concentration of chemicals in a reservoir (Saltpetryanaya Balka) located near the Orthodox village of Otrada in the Kirovsky district of Volgograd has been studied in comparative comparison with the regulatory data of the MPC of chemicals in surface water bodies of cultural, household and fisheries significance.
The material for the study was natural water samples taken in the autumn season of 2024 in a lake near the village of Otrada in the Kirovsky district of Volgograd. Natural water samples were taken in accordance with GOST R 59024-2020 "Water". The analysis of chemicals was carried out on an EDX-8000 spectrometer. The data obtained (concentrations of chemicals in natural water samples) were compared in accordance with SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 and Order No. 296 of the Federal Agency for Fisheries dated May 26, 2025 and freshwater clarifications.
The data obtained indicate that the maximum permissible concentrations of chemicals were exceeded in the natural water of the Saltpetryanaya River as an object of cultural and domestic water use and indicates the mineral water of this reservoir and its possible use for recreational purposes as a balneological resource. There is an excess of the MPC values for copper by 10,000 times as the fishery value of the reservoir and indicates risks for representatives of the aquatic ecosystem. The use of this reservoir as an amateur fish farm may carry certain risks to human health when eating fish, which requires additional research and consultations with ichthyologists. The excess of copper by 10 times in comparison with freshwater reservoirs indicates the manifestation of a hidden deposit of copper ores in the vicinity of the Orthodox settlement "Otrada" (Volgograd).

Keywords: dispersion, aerosols, surface density of particles, PM2.5, PM10, green infrastructure, natural pollution

To evaluate the noise suppression efficiency of railway transport screens, the COMSOL Multiphysics software package (module "Pressure Acoustics, Frequency Domain") was used in this article. Using the finite element method, calculations were carried out and the sound insulation characteristics of noise protection screens were assessed, and a comparative analysis of the characteristics of various screen models was also carried out. Based on the effects of acoustic interference, an interference-type noise suppression device is proposed, in which filling the upper part with a porous material improves the diffraction sound absorption of the noise protection screen, thereby enhancing its acoustic characteristics.

Keywords: COMSOL software, finite element method, transport, noise barriers, acoustic interference, acoustic characteristics

The article presents a study of chronic phytotoxicity in the area of influence of three small boiler houses, 2 of them run on coal, one on fuel oil. As a result of the research, it was revealed that both selected crops have growth inhibition. At the same time, oats show greater resistance to contamination than clover. At the same time, the root system is less susceptible to the inhibitory effect. The greatest negative impact is observed in the area of the boiler house running on fuel oil.

Keywords: small boiler houses, phytotoxicity, biotesting, negative impact, soil, oats, clover

This article examines several key aspects related to the impact of high-rise buildings on human health and psychological state. First of all, the impact of high-rise buildings on mental health is analyzed, paying special attention to problems such as depression, anxiety and stress that can arise as a result of living in multi-storey buildings. We explore the social aspects of living in such conditions and the impact of architectural design on the quality of life. In addition, we would like to draw attention to the health problems of residents of high-rise buildings, including physical illnesses that can occur as a result of lack of natural light, poor ventilation and other factors associated with high-rise buildings. An important part will also be the discussion of possible solutions to improve the quality of life in multi-storey buildings.

Keywords: megapolis, high-rise buildings, high-rise buildings, building density, architectural design, emotional state, health, comfortable environment, quality of life.

During the restoration of buildings in the construction industry, mechanized waste removal from work areas and construction sites is often neglected. This poses a safety risk to both people and the environment due to high levels of dust in the air. Dozens of new buildings appear in modern megacities every year. This trend has its pitfalls. In particular, the increasing number of construction sites makes the problem of construction waste removal particularly pressing. Currently, two methods are primarily used to remove construction waste from construction sites: throwing waste out of windows and lowering waste down stairs or scaffolding. The advantage of the first option is the quick solution. However, throwing waste out of windows raises environmental and safety concerns. The second method is considered safer, but it requires significant physical effort. Therefore, a construction waste chute is currently the most effective solution to this problem.

Keywords: technosphere safety, safety management, construction waste, environmental pollution, monitoring

The article discusses the current issue of dangerous natural and anthropogenic processes. It provides a general description of these processes. The article analyzes the risks associated with anthropogenic processes and natural phenomena. Special attention is given to modern methods of monitoring and forecasting dangerous anthropogenic and natural processes.

Keywords: dangerous natural processes, dangerous man-made processes, consequences of dangerous processes, accidents, man-made threats, natural disasters, risk factors, systematic approach

This article examines the key features of the functional planning and architectural spatial organization of the typological group of public buildings and structures in the renovation of industrial buildings in coastal areas in order to create promising models of two different types of multifunctional spaces: creative clusters and multifunctional complexes. Both approaches take advantage of the structural and spatial advantages of these buildings while simultaneously implementing modern architectural and environmental techniques. For both types of renovation, adaptive space reuse, integration of green elements, sustainable energy solutions, increased accessibility, and preservation of industrial heritage are common methods. The specific changes for creative clusters include the transformation of the main workshops into flexible exhibition and cultural spaces, the inclusion of artistic elements and the creation of public areas. Conversely, multifunctional complexes turn these spaces into office areas, coworking areas, commercial premises and residential apartments. Overall, these renovation models not only revitalize the physical environment, but also contribute to the cultural, social and economic development of coastal urban areas, creating an incentive for future urban renewal projects.

Keywords: architectural and ecological renovation, industrial buildings, sustainable development, creative clusters, multifunctional complexes

The article is devoted to the assessment of atmospheric air pollution in Rostov-on-Don for the period from 2019 to 2023. The assessment was carried out using a comprehensive indicator of atmospheric pollution for 5 pollutants (suspended solids, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide). The main materials for the work were data obtained from the Environmental Bulletin of the Don and Yearbooks on the state of the atmosphere in cities in Russia. The dynamics of the city's atmospheric pollution over the specified period has been determined, as well as the territorial features of pollution and possible factors contributing to the current situation (the number of green spaces, the presence of enterprises, traffic flows). It has been established that the highest rates of atmospheric pollution are typical for the central part of the city, the most favorable environmental situation is in the east, and the western and northern parts are characterized by average pollution rates. A tendency of increasing atmospheric pollution has been established for the northern, central and western parts of the city, while the eastern part of the city is characterized by a gradual decrease in the content of pollutants in the atmosphere. The result of the work was the compilation of a map-scheme of atmospheric pollution in various parts of Rostov-on-Don.The main factors that determined the current environmental situation include: the volume of traffic load, the proximity of industrial zones and the level of landscaping of the territory.

Keywords: atmospheric air pollution, the state of the atmosphere, content of pollutants, environmental situation, the dynamics of pollution, state of the environment

The article presents the findings of research conducted on the issue of environmental safety for the population and the local techno sphere during the implementation of projects. The study provides scientific and methodological approaches to addressing the pressing issue of technical support for the author's supervision of the safe implementation of production process projects. It is demonstrated that a set of methods consisting of integrated system analysis and mathematical modelling should be employed as a fundamental analytical tool when constructing the proposed structure. The article goes on to propose the use of non-destructive testing techniques for conducting diagnostics of the environment and the quality of implemented processes. The article also develops substantiated proposals for the establishment of a unified system for the conducting and documenting of control measures, which would allow for the achievement of a reliability of safety control results at the level of 85-90%.

Keywords: environmental safety, technological process projects, implementation, author's supervision, system analysis, monitoring

Based on the conducted research, an analysis was conducted of changes in the duration of spring and autumn thaws for the Republic of Karelia, taking into account the characteristics of the roadbed soil, the duration of the frost period, the location of the region, and average monthly air temperatures for the period 2019-2023. Recommendations are provided based on the obtained results.

Keywords: spring thaw, autumn thaw, depth of soil freezing, highways, operation, construction of highways, regions of the Far North

The paper analyzes existing effective technologies of waste recycling and utilization. The authors consider various approaches in the international practice of recycling production and consumption waste. An assessment is given of the possibilities of using effective technologies for waste recycling and disposal and the necessary costs for their implementation in relation to the conditions of an industrial enterprise. The types and volumes of waste that can be recycled and disposed of irrevocably are considered, for which the carbon footprint parameters are calculated using the materials management model. A statistical regression analysis of data on the production, processing, disposal and incineration of polyethylene waste, solid municipal waste and paper was carried out. The principles of building a system for reducing technogenic risks and managing production and consumption waste were determined.

Keywords: waste processing; waste disposal; carbon footprint; carbon footprint calculation methods; man-made risk management system; hazardous impact factors; industrial waste management

The article describes the process of sedimentation in water treatment, as well as the formation of tap sludge. A new method of water supply sludge treatment with coagulant regeneration at high turbidity of initial water is proposed. On the basis of the conducted research it is revealed that the greater the coagulant consumption obtained by the sulfatization method, the better the degree of coagulation. The basic technological scheme of water sludge processing by sulfatization method is developed. It is suggested that the obtained coagulant from water supply sludge can be used for repeated preliminary sedimentation. Taking into account the urgency of the problem of providing the population with clean drinking water, it is recommended to conduct pilot testing of the obtained coagulant from tap sludge by the sulfatization method.

Keywords: water treatment, tap sludge, daily regulation basin, sedimentation, turbidity, sulfatization method

The ecology of modern megacities is one of the most relevant and acute topics of our time. Rapid growth of cities, increase in the urban population and development of industry have led to significant changes in the environment. This article examines the main environmental problems of modern megacities, factors affecting the ecology of urban areas. An analysis of the influence of solar radiation on the formation of the microclimate and ecology of the air basin of cities is carried out. The conditions for the occurrence of air flows of thermal origin, which contribute to the improvement of the aeration regime of urban areas, are studied.

Keywords: ecology, urban area, air exchange, convective flows, insolation, aeration regime, dense development, solar radiation, air basin, microclimate, heat island

The analysis of the environmental impact of the largest enterprises located in the Southern and Northern industrial zones of the linear city of Volgograd has been carried out, and the need to change approaches to designing a comfortable urban environment, which currently take into account the average data for characterizing the ecological state of a particular territory, has been shown. The analysis confirmed the need to take into account the local impact of industrial enterprises on the components of the urban environment when justifying the selection and planning of appropriate modern spaces within the framework of the Federal Project "Creating a comfortable Urban environment".

Keywords: urban environment, comfort, urban environment quality index, modern spaces, environmental analysis, environmental friendliness, environmental safety