This article presents a new developed calculation methodology, which includes provisions for standard calculations and takes into account the peculiarities of the operation of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete structures operating at large eccentricities of load application. Adjustments have been made to the calculation methodology to take into account the following factors: the standard methodology uses the maximum tensile strength of reinforcement; proposals have been developed to determine the actual resistance of tensile reinforcement, which, in fact, will be significantly lower than the limit. Proposals are given that take into account the limiting deformations of concrete, which, in turn, will be a key quantity for determining the resistance of tensile reinforcement in the cross section. The article also presents the results of experimental studies of a flexible reinforced concrete pillar operating with a load eccentricity equal to e0 = 0.32h. Theoretical calculations and experimental studies were analyzed and appropriate conclusions were drawn.A formula has been developed to determine the real resistance of the stretched metal reinforcement at the time preceding destruction. The calculation algorithm has been compiled. When comparing theoretical and experimental strength, the difference did not exceed 5%.

Keywords: steel, heavy concrete, reinforced concrete, testing, stand

The drilling and blasting method is currently the most widely used for mining rocks. An indicator of the high–quality drilling and blasting operations is the uniform granulometric composition of the exploded rock mass - the percentage of oversized ore pieces should be minimal. The percentage of oversized and its increase have a significant impact on the technical processes of transporting rock mass, leading to an increase in the costs of loading and transportation operations and secondary crushing of oversized ore masses. The paper describes the results of a study of methods for determining the granulometric composition of drilling and blasting operations using neural networks of segmentation Unet and FPN. Images taken from UAVs are used for analysis. A method of classifying ore by size has also been developed, which ensures the accuracy of the proportion of correct answers of more than 0.91. The expected result of the introduction of the system for automatic determination of the granulometric composition of drilling and blasting operations is the possibility of more accurate control over the quality of their performance.

Keywords: granulometric composition, Unet, FPN, classification, segmentation

In order to negate the loss of strength, that can lead to collapse of constructions, we should take measures to prevent cracking. Every crack emersion in reinforced concrete indicates that the accumulated stress has been released in this area of the structure. The cause of cracks are internal tensile stresses that can occur due to internal processes in the element and from external loads on the structure. It is possible to eliminate cracks that have already appeared with the help of repair compounds that fill the volume of cracks in various ways. Injection, as one of the solutions, will help to maintain the strength and durability of the structure.

Keywords: cracking, concrete, reinforced concrete slab, crack, defect, deformation, strength, soil, repair compound, foundation, foundation slab, injection

Methods for calculating technological and functional tolerances in the manufacture and installation of steel structures are described. An experimental installation of the structure was carried out to make it possible to clarify the tolerances, and the foundations of the methodology for assessing the qualitative and quantitative manufacturability of assembly elements were put forward to simplify the processes of manufacturing and assembling the structure.

Keywords: methods for calculating tolerances, installation of a structure, manufacturing of structures, manufacturability, complex indicator of manufacturability

The stages of pre-project and design preparation are fundamental for the further implementation of the investment and construction project. The success of construction and commissioning of facilities depends on the successful completion of these stages. The duration of the stages depends on the competence and consistency of interaction between the participants in the investment and construction project, the rationality of decision-making by the technical customer (developer) and a number of other factors. Identifying factors and finding options for rational planning of the stages of pre-project and design preparation is very relevant. As part of the study, a formula was derived for determining the duration of the stages of pre-design and design preparation of objects for construction, taking into account the influence of negative factors. The results of the study are used in planning the stages of pre-design and design preparation of a facility for construction.

Keywords: factors, stages of pre-project and design preparation of objects for construction, duration of procedures

This article is devoted to the analysis of the application of the software and hardware complex of mixed reality and augmented reality ""BRIO MRS"" to explore the possibility of digitalization of the construction control process within the framework of JSC CITY - XXI Century. The article also discusses the specific application of mixed reality, which consists in checking the progress of work on the construction of a real building and its compliance with the designed digital information model using a hardware and software complex for augmented and mixed reality. The complex described in this article was actually used and is being used at the construction site. The paper describes the procedure for using a hardware and software complex to verify the compliance of the progress of construction work and the digital information model. The principle of operation of the complex, as well as the prospects that were discovered during the implementation of the experience of using a mixed and augmented reality system, are the subject of further research. In conclusion, based on the conducted research, it turns out what tasks the complex described in the article allows to solve, what advantages it has over analogues and what advantages its introduction into the activities of a modern development company will bring.

Keywords: mixed reality, augmented reality, digitalization, digital information model, modern standards, hardware and software complex, construction control

The article discusses the issues related to the solution of an actual problem – the recycling of accumulations of plastic waste in the ocean. It is proposed to organize the plastic recycling process directly in the ocean on recycling vessels. At the same time, the products of mechanical processing and pyrolysis can be used to support the construction, road construction, and electric power industries of coastal developing countries in Africa and Latin America, near which the largest amount of plastic waste is concentrated. It is proposed to use both systems with artificial intelligence trained to recognize and identify plastic by shape, and systems based on spectral analysis of the composition of plastic for sorting and identification.

Keywords: plastic waste, microplastics, plastic recycling in the ocean, recycling vessel, plastic type recognition, use of recycled plastic

Ensuring the reliability and safety of load-bearing structures, buildings and structures is the most important task. The reliability or safety of a structural system is inextricably linked with the elements of this system that provide strength and spatial stability. The importance of each load-bearing element in the building system in ensuring overall mechanical safety is assessed differently. For multi-storey frame buildings, load-bearing elements, for example, columns of the lower floors, if they fail, can lead to a significantly greater volume of destruction compared to the structures of the upper floors. The article provides a methodology for determining criteria by which the level of responsibility of columns can be established depending on their location in the building plan, developed on the basis of numerical studies. As a result, a classification was compiled according to the level of responsibility of the columns of a monolithic multi-story frame building.

Keywords: limit state method, special limit state, emergency design situation, responsibility of load-bearing elements, reinforced concrete columns

The article considers the issue of taking into account the emotional preferences of customers in the process of compiling a comprehensive service to increase customer satisfaction. The problem of forming an optimal set of services is solved, taking into account the emotional preferences of the client and the economic constraints in the form of the client's budget. Modifications to the method of branches and boundaries are proposed, reducing the number of calculations. An algorithm for solving the problem is developed and the results of a numerical experiment are presented, showing that the developed algorithm has basically a linear increase in execution time depending on the number of services. The advantage of this method is a significant reduction in operating time, as opposed to a complete search, as well as ease of implementation.

Keywords: formation of an optimal set of services, consideration of emotional preferences, the method of branches and boundaries

Issues of environmental protection, in particular atmospheric air, protection of the population from the effects of pollutants living near the deployed construction works are relevant, as the volume of construction and commissioning of new buildings and structures increases, and there is a continuous development of equipment and technologies in construction production. In order to study the degree of air pollution of the construction site during 2020-2023, air pollution with fine dust particles PM2.5 and PM10 was monitored, namely the volume of dust emissions, their chemical composition to assess pollution from construction processes and equipment that produce these construction processes, taking into account the factors of background dustiness of the air environment of the territory, affecting on the health of construction workers and the population. Based on the results of the work carried out, it was determined that the highest concentration of dust and the volume of dust emissions are shown by earthworks. The results of this work, with practical accuracy.

Keywords: environmental safety, environmental monitoring, atmospheric air protection, ecology in construction, dust suppression, feasibility study, dust collection systems, labor protection in construction

In this work, the developed system for detecting areas with defects in the development of corn crops was investigated from a photograph taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using computer vision. To solve the problem of detecting such sites, the structures of the YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 neural networks were considered. The use of the developed software will reduce labor and time costs for image analysis, which in turn will reduce the response time when problem areas are detected in agricultural fields to achieve higher yields.

Keywords: instance segmentation, YOLOv5, YOLOv8

Clinker tiles are one of the most popular types of roofing materials. Compared to other roof coverings, clinker tiles have higher strength, resistance to aggressive environments and aesthetic indicators. The relevance of the production of clinker tiles due to the fact that at present architects and builders are showing great interest in such an elite roofing material such as clinker tiles. However, the main trends in the production of ceramic tiles are to increase its strength while reducing weight by reducing the thickness. The conducted research has shown that the production of clinker tile on the basis of argillites Nekrasovskogo deposit is possible at a fractional composition of 0-0,08 mm, 0-0,05 mm and firing temperature of 1050 ˚C.

Keywords: argillite, tile, clinker, research, chemical composition, mineral composition, ceramic products, properties, technology

In the world of web development, there is a growing need for tools that can provide high performance for client applications. In response to this challenge, WebAssembly technology has been developed to compile various programming languages into a binary format that can be executed in web browsers. The new AssemblyScript programming language provides the ability to create high-performance WebAssembly modules using the TypeScript language syntax familiar to Web developers. This paper investigates WebAssembly and AssemblyScript, and compares the performance of AssemblyScript and JavaScript using four computational algorithms as examples. The test results demonstrate faster execution speed of AssemblyScript in most tasks, as well as more stable performance when executed in different browsers. The study highlights the relevance of using AssemblyScript to optimize computationally intensive operations in web application development.

Keywords: assemblyscript, webassembly, wasm, javascript, front end, performance, web applications

The article provides the results of the calculation of a steel span structure. Two options for the design scheme were considered. In scheme №. 1.1, the bending moment is perceived by the beam elements. In scheme №. 1.2, the bending moment is perceived jointly by the beam elements and cable structures. A comparison was made of the results of determining bending moments.

Keywords: main beam, secondary beam, column, boundary conditions, loads, bending moment, CAD

Over time reinforced concrete construction tend to lose their strength properties. An important factor in maintaining the integrity of reinforced concrete structures is the compliance of the parameters of the erected structure with its design values and operating conditions. Otherwise, the likelihood of defects such as the formation of cracks in the protective layer and corrosion of reinforcement increases. There are methods for restoring reinforced concrete structures that can return the strength characteristics to the design level or even exceed it.

Keywords: restoration of the protective layer, repair, inhibitor, adhesion, corrosion, penetrating waterproofing, chemical anchor, foundation, shotcreting