The article describes the stages of formation of architectural and construction solutions of the opera house from the concept stage to design solutions. The process is considered on the example of designing an opera house in one of the northern republics of the Russian Federation. The variability and differences of preliminary projects at different stages are considered taking into account acoustic comfort at the stage of development of architectural and design solutions of the object. The mutual influence and dependence of architectural, design and acoustic solutions of the theater and the need for their parallel consideration at the early stages of design are demonstrated.

Keywords: concert halls, opera houses, architectural and construction solutions, acoustics, architecture, acoustic characteristics, auditoriums, architectural and construction structures

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the effect of loading speed on the deformation and strength characteristics of concrete of class B45 under central compression. 15 prisms measuring 100×100×400 mm, divided into three series according to the loading speed, were tested. Regression dependences are constructed, correlation coefficients (up to 0.9975) and determination coefficients (up to 0.9950) are determined, confirming the high degree of consistency of the models with experimental data. It is established that an increase in the loading rate contributes to an increase in strength and a decrease in the magnitude of the marginal relative deformation of concrete. The obtained dependences can be used as an experimental basis for constructing a nonlinear deformation method for calculating bent and non-centrally compressed reinforced concrete structures made of concrete of the class under consideration (B45), subject to static and high-speed impacts.

Keywords: experiment, concrete samples, high-speed loading, central compression, statistical processing of results, least squares method, regression curve

A comparative assessment of the contamination level and ecological risk of landfill-derived soil-like material was carried out using results of quantitative chemical analysis and biotesting on two test organisms: Daphnia magna and Scenedesmus quadricauda. It was shown that estimating the contamination level of soil-like material using the Zc index leads to overestimated results. The assessment of soil-like material quality through biotesting revealed low and moderate toxicity. Soil-like material exhibiting low toxicity can be utilized for the production of recultivation soil, whereas material with moderate toxicity must undergo mandatory detoxification prior to use. It was established that Cu and Zn contribute the most to the material's toxicity, which is explained by the high sensitivity of the test organisms. It was determined that heavy metals account for a significant portion of the observed toxicity variation, but not all of it. Biotesting is thus a necessary and effective tool for decision-making regarding the utilization of soil-like material.

Keywords: landfill, soil-like material, biotesting, toxicity, pollution level

The compositions of self-compacting fine-grained concrete using mineral additives such as silica, limestone flour and trepel, as well as polycarboxylate superplasticizer, have been studied. The main attention is paid to the effect of the composition of the mixture on the compressive and flexural strength, density, water resistance and frost resistance of concrete. The test results showed that samples with silica demonstrate increased strength, while the introduction of trepel and limestone flour reduces this indicator. The highest density and frost resistance (F600) were achieved in formulations with silica, without additional additives. The work highlights the importance of optimizing the grain composition of aggregates and the choice of plasticizers to improve concrete performance.

Keywords: self-compacting concrete, fine-grained concrete, silica, polycarboxylate superplasticizer, limestone flour, trepel, strength, density, frost resistance, water resistance

The article considers the issues of studying the wind regime of the territory of residential areas. The results of modeling a city microdistrict and wind flows in it using the multifunctional software package Ansys Discovery Live are presented. The analysis of the wind regime of the territory with different volumes of development from the point of view of the comfort of a person in it is carried out, comfortable and uncomfortable aeration zones are determined. The comparison was made for a residential complex consisting of four groups of houses with their courtyards, with a southern direction of the incoming wind flow. An assessment of the influence of the surrounding development on the wind situation is given. The use of computer modeling of the wind regime of residential development is relevant at present, since information on the nature of the movement of air flows helps to improve the comfort of cities for the population.

Keywords: wind regime, urban development, residential development, urban development, numerical modeling, Ansys Discovery Live, ventilation, wind comfort, aeration regime, aeration

The article considers the issue of forming a system of public spaces on university campuses as a key factor in educational, social and innovative activities. The functions, typology and principles of organizing campus public spaces are analyzed in the context of modern educational paradigms and urban trends. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of the principles of organizing public spaces of various types as a single system that responds to the challenges of digitalization and the actualization of social interaction. A conclusion is made about the need to move from designing individual spaces to creating a holistic, flexible and multifunctional system that serves as the framework for university life.

Keywords: university campus, public space, educational environment, social interaction, innovation ecosystem, campus urbanism

When constructing reinforced concrete floors on profiled steel sheeting, it is possible to significantly reduce the construction time and provide simple and convenient support units. The article discusses the standard methods for calculating composite reinforced concrete floor slabs with profiled sheeting according to SP 266.1325800.2016. A series of calculations were performed using ultimate forces and a nonlinear deformation model (NDM), and a comparison was made with experimental data. The data obtained indicate a significant overestimation of the bearing capacity for a number of samples calculated using the NDM method. This indicates the need to change the approach to NDM calculations and the need to make adjustments to the σ-ε calculation diagram for profiled steel sheeting, reflecting the actual operating conditions of the element.

Keywords: steel profiled sheeting, floor, deformation model, stress-strain diagram, static load

Modern road surfaces are subject to intense wear due to the effects of studded tires and deicing agents, which leads to significant economic losses. In Russia, the annual damage from such wear is estimated at hundreds of billions of rubles. To increase the durability of asphalt concrete, methods for modifying bitumen binders are being investigated, including the addition of rubber chips, polymers (SBS, EVA) and modified sulfur.
The most promising direction is the use of modified sulfur, which improves wear resistance, crack resistance and stability.
to deicing reagents. The article describes in detail the process of obtaining modified sulfur, including degassing and modification with 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB). Laboratory tests have shown that the optimal sulfur content in bitumen is 25-30%, while 30% demonstrate the best characteristics: increased heat resistance, shear stability and adhesion to mineral aggregate.
The results of IR spectroscopy confirmed the physical mixing of sulfur with bitumen without chemical reactions. The use of modified sulfur makes it possible to increase the service life of road surfaces and reduce repair costs, which is especially important in the context of an increasing sulfur surplus in the Russian Federation.

Keywords: road surface, asphalt concrete, wear resistance, wear gauge, studded tires, modification, degassing, sulfur, bitumen binder, ecology

The influence of the geometric hypothesis on the field of crack directions in the calculation of structures based on inclined sections is considered. The angle of inclination of the crack to the vertical is determined from the condition of the minimum external load necessary for its formation and determined in turn from the equation of the energy balance. The influence of coefficient A of the bilinear cross-section hypothesis on the angle of crack inclination is estimated for cases of uniformly distributed load and concentrated force. Based on the calculation results, it is concluded that the influence of the geometric hypothesis is insignificant in the case of a uniformly distributed load, and in the case of a concentrated force, its influence is most significant in the middle part of the slice span when the ratio of the slice span to the section height is greater than 2. Based on the results of numerical calculations of models of hinged beams, the dependence of coefficient A on the relative coordinate of the crack origin for different intensity of transverse reinforcement is obtained.

Keywords: inclined sections, geometric hypothesis, field of crack directions, energy balance equation

This article presents a methodology for designing passive degassing systems for the reclamation of unauthorized solid municipal waste  landfills using BIM technologies. The study addresses the challenge of heterogeneous terrain in landfill bodies and aims to optimize the design process. The proposed approach integrates digital terrain modeling to account for uneven relief, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of degassing system calculations.

The research begins with an analysis of the current state of waste management in Russia, highlighting the predominance of landfilling as the primary disposal method. The authors emphasize the environmental risks associated with landfill gas emissions, particularly methane, and the need for effective degassing solutions. Traditional methods often overlook terrain heterogeneity, leading to suboptimal system performance.
The methodology involves six key stages: (1) creating a digital terrain model using Autodesk Civil 3D, (2) restructuring the landfill body to meet regulatory standards, (3) calculating waste volumes, (4) estimating gas generation rates based on morphological waste composition, (5) placing degassing wells according to terrain-specific criteria, and (6) evaluating system efficiency. The study compares the proposed method with traditional approaches, demonstrating a 21% cost reduction and a 14.27% improvement in biogas extraction efficiency.
The results underscore the economic and environmental benefits of the new methodology, which leverages BIM technologies to optimize degassing system design. The authors recommend further research to account for vertical gas generation variability and regulatory constraints on emissions. This study contributes to the development of sustainable landfill reclamation practices, aligning with modern environmental standards.

Keywords: reclamation, landfill gas, passive degassing, BIM technologies, solid municipal waste, calculation methodology, ecology, biogas, unauthorized landfills, optimization

The arrangement of protective structures of civil defense is currently vitally important, especially for populated areas located near the combat zone. A pressing issue in the design of shelters is the correct determination of the volumes of air exchanges required to ensure the stay of those sheltered during the standard periods. An analysis of changes in climate and microclimate parameters over the past years and methods for calculating air exchange in protective structures was conducted. A classic model of the process of changing the temperature and humidity of the air with a variable coefficient of inclination of the beam of such a process was built. The redundancy of air exchanges calculated according to the data and methods of the latest regulatory document is shown, leading to an increase in capital costs for the arrangement of a shelter.

Keywords: air exchange, civil defense shelters, climate parameters, indoor microclimate, graph-mathematical model of air exchange

The article presents and analyzes the algorithm for calculating bending reinforced concrete structures by normal section based on a nonlinear deformation model recommended in the standards for the design of reinforced concrete structures SP 63.13330.2018. Calculation of reinforced concrete structures based on a nonlinear deformation model is a priority, since it expands the set of controlled parameters, which leads to a more accurate description of the operation of building structures. The features of performing the calculation using this algorithm, as well as other approaches to calculating bending reinforced concrete structures by a normal section based on deformation and other models, are considered. The sequence of calculations using computer technologies is shown using the example of calculations in the engineering nonlinearity1 system of the LIRA-SAPR software package. The results of calculating a rod element of the calculation scheme are given: changes of the bending moment, stiffness, and deformation modulus for finite elements along the rod length. In this case, the calculation in the engineering nonlinearity1 system is performed with subsequent adjustment of the stiffness characteristics of the finite elements, carried out during the iterative calculation, with clarification of the stress-strain state, deflection of the element and its reinforcement. Additional capabilities of performing calculations using the engineering nonlinearity2 system are described: expanded the possibilities of assigning various laws of material deformation, describing the loading of the calculation scheme, reinforcement of structures, and the possibility of using a step processor.

Keywords: bending reinforced concrete structures, nonlinear deformation model, calculation scheme, calculation algorithm, PC LIRA-SAPR, engineering nonlinearity, system

The kinematic characteristics of rod systems are given in the order of kinematic analysis of the mechanism diagram, made taking into account the sizes and mutual arrangement of links and hinges; by analogy with the structural analysis of kinematic characteristics, they also include the degree of kinematic anomaly and the degree of kinematic irrationality. The first characteristic relates to the mutual arrangement of the axes of the links in the circuit chain and uses the dimensions of the links, the second relates to the mutual arrangement of the axes of the kinematic pairs (joints). It is shown that the mobility of kinematic chains depends on dimensional conditions - general and particular, and kinematic connections are imposed by dimensions. Based on the contour approach, a knowledge base has been formed for a highly formalized analysis of kinematic chains, allowing the identification of kinematic anomalies - both excess mobility due to a special position and kinematic redundant connections. It is shown that for flat kinematic chains the degree of irrationality of kinematics can be expressed through structural parameters.

Keywords: kinematics, characteristics, rod systems, analysis, diagrams, links, hinges, axes, anomaly, irrationality, connections, dimensional conditions

The article discusses issues related to assessing the quality and safety of road traffic. An analysis of the accident rate on the roads of the southern part of the Far East has been performed. The main causes of traffic accidents are considered. An analysis of the quality of road marking has been performed and an assessment of its durability has been given, depending on the operating conditions. Recommendations for improving the durability of road markings are given.

Keywords: highway, pavement, horizontal markings, traffic safety

The article is devoted to the development of an urban development model for the integrated planning and design of small riverside areas in large cities, which would include groups of environmental, economic, social and functional factors and their interrelationships, elements of the basic model of the structural organization of components and types of development of settlements in the region, as well as environmental, economic, social and functional criteria planned for calculation. It is noted that the issue of integrated planning and design of small riverside areas in the general structure of the urban environment is due to the fact that, unlike other territorial zones, they are simultaneously part of the natural and ecological framework and an integral element of the transport and planning one, which is graphically presented in the article. As a result, the authors developed an urban development model in which various groups of factors are graphically linked to elements of the natural and ecological and transport and planning frameworks, as well as engineering support systems and functional zones of the city. The model also displays the unification of factors into environmental, functional and socio-economic groups. The relationship between groups of factors and elements of the functional structure of the city is based on the basic model of the structural organization of components and types of development of settlements in the region. At the next stage, the authors plan to develop a methodology for integrated territorial planning and design of coastal areas of urban (small) rivers based on multi-criteria analysis.

Keywords: water-green framework, urban environment, urban planning model, coastal areas, small rivers, urbanized areas

Within the framework of this article, experimental studies of concrete reinforced with polypropylene fiber of two geometric dimensions of 6 mm and 12 mm are presented. Studies were carried out on samples of cubes 10 × 10 × 10 cm and samples of prisms 10 × 10 × 40 cm. In total, more than 100 samples were tested. The objectives of the experimental study: testing fiber concrete samples for compression, analyzing the results obtained, identifying changes in strength and deformation characteristics as a result of fiber reinforcement. Tests of the samples showed an increase in strength of up to 20%, as well as the effect of the percentage of fiber reinforcement on strength properties. The limit percentage of fiber reinforcement was determined, when exceeding which a decrease in strength properties occurs

Keywords: polyarmoured fibre concrete, fibre concrete, low-modulus fibre, polypropylene, strength properties

The article is devoted to the design of local treatment facilities in the city of Borovsk, Kaluga Region. Treatment facilities play an important role in the modern world. They are necessary for processing wastewater so that it becomes safe for the environment and can be discharged into water bodies or drainage networks. Since the discharge of untreated water can cause irreparable harm to the ecosystem, it is important to provide treatment facilities in the sewerage system of the settlement. The article considers the tasks and importance of treatment systems, their role in the life of modern cities, and also presents in detail the step-by-step organization of work on the device of local treatment systems and their subsequent commissioning

Keywords: wastewater treatment plants, ecosystem, water disposal, wastewater, modular structures

The article describes practical experience in restoring the author's paintings using the example of the Stone Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit at the Danilovsky Cemetery, Moscow. The purpose of this article is to show specific methodological solutions in the restoration process that help avoid design errors and preserve the historicism of the object. The essence of the restoration problems lies in the fact that there is an extensive scientific base, large scientific libraries, passports of restoration of objects, expert opinions and reviews, which include official data on the object, but do not have a description of the restoration process and descriptions of problems solved during the production process.

Keywords: architecture, restoration, scientific restoration, painting in the temple, cultural heritage sites, authenticity, historicism

By the end of the 19th century, Azov continued to expand and increase its population. To ensure permanent medical care, it was decided to build a city hospital. Not immediately, but the hospital took its rightful place, and the institution has not moved since then. The architectural planning organization of the buildings and the site does not fully comply with the standards of the construction time: the organization of the general plan and the site are atypical in some places, but modern. However, the planning solutions in some places are questionable, which may be the reason for the fact that the Duma did not accept the object from the contractor for a long time. Today, the ensemble is an architectural monument of regional significance and continues to fulfill its main function, gradually expanding and adapting to the needs of the time.

Keywords: Azov, ensemble, architecture, hospital, hospital complex, city, history, cultural heritage site, Rostov region, Sokolov

The article is devoted to the method of calculating the effective frequency of the load impulse FWD, which allows establishing a correspondence between the laboratory-determined viscoelastic characteristics of asphalt concrete layers included in the road pavement and the modulus of elasticity calculated by backcalculation based on the deflection  bowl determined in field tests using FWD. The article proposes an algorithm for finding this frequency, presents the results of its calculations, and compares the elastic moduli obtained in the laboratory and by the results of the backcalculation. The conducted numerical experiment confirms that for the deflection cups generated within the viscoelastic calculation model, the difference in modules does not exceed 8%. At the end of the work, ways are proposed for the practical application of the calculated parameter and further improvement of the method on real deflection  bowl obtained on  road pavements.

Keywords: dynamic loading system, road surface, deflection bowl, asphalt concrete, elastic modulus, relaxation modulus, AMPT test, master curve, backcalculation, effective pulse frequency

The concentration of chemicals in a reservoir (Saltpetryanaya Balka) located near the Orthodox village of Otrada in the Kirovsky district of Volgograd has been studied in comparative comparison with the regulatory data of the MPC of chemicals in surface water bodies of cultural, household and fisheries significance.
The material for the study was natural water samples taken in the autumn season of 2024 in a lake near the village of Otrada in the Kirovsky district of Volgograd. Natural water samples were taken in accordance with GOST R 59024-2020 "Water". The analysis of chemicals was carried out on an EDX-8000 spectrometer. The data obtained (concentrations of chemicals in natural water samples) were compared in accordance with SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 and Order No. 296 of the Federal Agency for Fisheries dated May 26, 2025 and freshwater clarifications.
The data obtained indicate that the maximum permissible concentrations of chemicals were exceeded in the natural water of the Saltpetryanaya River as an object of cultural and domestic water use and indicates the mineral water of this reservoir and its possible use for recreational purposes as a balneological resource. There is an excess of the MPC values for copper by 10,000 times as the fishery value of the reservoir and indicates risks for representatives of the aquatic ecosystem. The use of this reservoir as an amateur fish farm may carry certain risks to human health when eating fish, which requires additional research and consultations with ichthyologists. The excess of copper by 10 times in comparison with freshwater reservoirs indicates the manifestation of a hidden deposit of copper ores in the vicinity of the Orthodox settlement "Otrada" (Volgograd).

Keywords: dispersion, aerosols, surface density of particles, PM2.5, PM10, green infrastructure, natural pollution

The article considers the influence of surfactants on the physicochemical and technological properties of repair and restoration solutions, mixtures and compositions and the areas of their application. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of interaction of surfactants with solid and liquid phases in repair composites, including the processes of hydrophobization and hydrophilization of surfaces, adsorption, peptization and change in the contact angle. The influence of surfactants on the value of water demand, strength, water resistance and frost resistance of binders, mixtures and compositions is described. The parameters determining the efficiency of surfactant application, as well as quantitative estimates of the surface of dispersed components and their effect on the consumption of additives are given.

Keywords: surfactants, repair and restoration solutions, hydrophobization, hydrophilization, wetting, adsorption, rheology, water demand, additives

The article considers the prospects for the development of the territory of transformation of the natural and ecological framework of urban and rural settlements of the Vsevolozhsk municipal district in the Leningrad region in the zone of influence of the high-speed highway KAD-2. The analysis of the study territory was carried out, the ecological framework of the territory, the existing transport framework were considered, the urbanization nodes most susceptible to the influence of the high-speed highway were identified with the study of the urbanization process on the specified sections of the planned KAD-2 in different time periods with a threshold of 10 years, changes in natural components and transformation of functional zoning, development of the transport framework were studied and the problems of the territory were determined. The analysis made it possible to formulate the main conclusions for regional standards, for general plans of urban and rural settlements and for STP (territorial planning schemes).

Keywords: urban development, natural and ecological framework, high-speed highway KAD-2, territorial planning, urbanization nodes

The relevance of accurately predicting fat content on the surface of meat products is driven by the need to ensure effective quality control in the food industry. This paper presents an efficient method for detecting and quantitatively assessing fat content on meat surfaces based on the use of color segmentation in the HSV color space. The method exploits differences in the color characteristics of fat and muscle tissues to effectively segment images of meat samples, calculate the percentage of fat, and analyze its spatial distribution. The simplicity and robustness of the algorithm make it a promising solution for real-time automated quality control systems, offering ease of use and high computational efficiency.

Keywords: computer vision, color segmentation, HSV color space, image processing, OpenCV, Flask, quality control automation